Peptic ulcer, affecting 10 % of the global population, results from imbalances in gastric juice pH and diminished mucosal defences. Key underlying factors are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori infection, undermining mucosal resistance. Traditional treatments like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists exhibit drawbacks such as adverse effects, relapses, and drug interactions. This review extensively explores the ethnomedicinal, synthetic and pharmacological facets of various potential peptic ulcer treatments. Rigorous methodologies involving electronic databases, and chemical structure verification via 'PubChem' and 'SciFinder' enhance the review's credibility. The provided information, spanning medicinal insights to intricate pharmacological mechanisms, establishes a robust groundwork for future research and the development of plant-derived or synthetic molecules for peptic ulcers, offering a promising alternative to conventional therapies. 

From Lab to Nature: Recent Advancements in the Journey of Gastroprotective Agents from Medicinal Chemistry to Phytotherapy

Background: As alcohol consumption increases, ethanol impacts ulcers as a factor that causes stomach mucosal invasion, which leads to stomach ulcers. Alcohol damages the stomach through a number of processes, including increased gastric secretion, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ethanol induces a variety of pathogenic events as it is associated with the formation of stomach ulcers.Objective: The goal of this study was to see if gum Arabic as a functional food could protect albino rats against ethanol-induced stomach damage.Materials and Methods: Six groups of 30 female albino rats were formed: normal control, ulcer control, omeprazole + ethanol, and groups 4, 5, and 6, which were given GA at 7.5, 12, 25 g/ kg/ day (bw), then lab rat were given 5 mL/kg /day (bw) ethanol orally for 30 days to cause stomach mucosal damage.Results: GA suppressed gastric inflammation by lowering TNF-α and IL-6 levels while increasing IL-10 levels. GA also improved HDL, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels while lowering cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and phospholipids.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GA plays a protective role toward gastric mucosal injury in rats induced by ethanol, which in turn reduced the inflammatory response, and significantly reduced the hemorrhagic gastric lesions and the pH of the gastric contents. Keywords: Functional food, Alcoholic, polysaccharides, soluble fiber, tumor necrosis factor alpha, oxidative stress 

/pdf/nutritional-and-anti-gastro-ulcerative-role-of-the-gum-1zdcxmo9.pdf

Nutritional and anti-gastro ulcerative role of the gum Arabic (Acacia senegal L.) compared to a reference drug

Ulcers result from imbalanced aggressive factors (acid, pepsin, NSAIDs) and defensive factors (mucosal barrier). Free radical-associated damage, is managed by antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutases and Catalase. The objective of the study is to investigate the protective action of roots of Abroma augusta in gastric ulcer prevention induced by ethanol in rats. 30 animals were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group I and II were administered normal saline (2ml/kg/p.o), Group III was administered Omeprazole 20 mg/kg, and Group IV and V were administered root extract (250mg/kg/p.o and 500mg/kg/p.o) for 21 days. After that, the animals were fasted for 24 hours before the ethanol administration (1ml/200gm) except Group I. Parameters like Ulcer Index, % inhibition of ulceration, plasma anti-oxidant enzyme levels, and Histopathology were assessed. The present study revealed that the root extract at 500mg/kg possesses significant antiulcer and antioxidant properties, which may be the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The extract effectively countered ethanol-induced lesion formation and maintained plasma catalase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidase levels. The root extract at 500mg/kg was able to significantly protect the histological structure of the gastric mucosa and prevent the infiltration of inflammatory cells. This study has provided documentary evidence for the antiulcer property of Abroma augusta for its activity. 

pdf/protective-action-of-roots-of-abroma-augusta-in-gastric-4gvp39d4gh.pdf

Protective action of roots of abroma augusta in gastric ulcer prevention induced by ethanol in rats

Gastroprotective effect of dapagliflozin in ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats: Crosstalk between HMGB1/RAGE/PTX3 and TLR4/MyD88/VEGF/PDGF signaling pathways.

Abstract: Heterocycles constitute a wider class of organic compounds which contribute significantly to every facet of pure and applied chemistry. Indole, one of the bicyclic heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atom, witnessed unparalleled biological activity such as antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-depressant and antifungal activities. Different biological activities exhibited by indole derivatives provide the impulsion to explore its activity against anti-phytopathogenic microbes to save the plants from pests and disease, as food security will once again become a rigid demand. This review mainly focuses on various methods related to the synthesis of indole derivatives and its role in agriculture. 

Role of Indole Derivatives in Agrochemistry: Synthesis and Future Insights

Peptic ulcer is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal system affecting people of all ages worldwide. Ethanol is one of the most common causative agents for peptic ulcer. The aim of this study w...

Protective effect of newly synthesized indole imines against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats

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Protective effect of newly synthesized indole imines against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats