Background: Several vaccines have been recommended by the health authorities in recent years and have been opposed by debates, lack of public trust, and variable levels of hesitance that resulted in increased anti-vaccination advocacy and a subsequent reduction in vaccination rates worldwide.Purpose: This study aimed to explore the community's perceptions of the role of healthcare leadership in promoting vaccine acceptance.Methods: This cross-sectional study used a validated questionnaire designed according to the study's objectives for a heterogeneous purposive sample of individuals over 18 years old in Saudi Arabia.Participants completed the questionnaire online via a link provided by multiple social media platforms. Results:The study included 7159 participants with various demographical features.On a five-point Likert scale, the average level of agreement on the role of healthcare executives in promoting vaccines was 3.76.The average level of agreement about the role of healthcare leaders in promoting vaccines was 3.76 out of five.Men were more likely than women to agree on healthcare worker's influence, 63.6% and 58.6%, respectively (P < 0.001).The ages of participants showed a favorable correlation with their level of agreement on the role of healthcare leaders in promoting vaccines (P < 0.001).The level of agreement on healthcare leader's role in promoting vaccines was inversely proportional to the education level (P < 0.001).The retired group reported the highest score, followed by the employed ones (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Unlike other political and religious leaders, this study indicates that healthcare professionals significantly impact vaccine hesitancy and uptake.Despite rising vaccine hesitancy, healthcare leaders remain more trustworthy providers of guidance and influence over vaccination decisions than others.In addition, the health leader's factual message boosts people's self-esteem and helps them decide to be vaccinated. 

The Role of Healthcare Leaders in Promoting Vaccine Acceptance in Saudi Arabia

Context: General acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination is needed to end the pandemic, but vaccine hesitancy is a challenge. Identifying predictors of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and sources of positive influence on vaccine decisions could inform and guide the efforts to improve vaccination rates.

Objective: 1) To determine the proportion and predictors of vaccine intentions among adults served by our mobile free clinic. 2) To determine the sources of positive influence on vaccine uptake.

Study Design: Cross-sectional (phone-survey) study.

Setting: Mobile free clinic, Athens, GA.

Population studied: Adults with direct phone numbers who tested negative for COVID-19 through our mobile free clinic from 6/1/20-7/9/20 (358 eligible, N=55).

Outcome Measures: Intention to get COVID-19 vaccine once available, overall, and by personal characteristics (age, sex, race, and education) and by potential predictors (receipt of flu or other adult vaccines, health insurance status, worry about impact of the pandemic on health and finances, and frequency of mask wearing, distancing, and hand washing). Associations examined using chi-squared, Fisher’s exact, and logistic regression. Frequency of positive, negative, or no influence on vaccine decisions was examined for health care providers, public health officials, family, friends, political and religious leaders, and news and social media.

Results: Overall, 66% intended to get vaccinated. Reported flu vaccination in the last year was positively associated with COVID-19 vaccine intention (OR 4.4, 95% CI: 1.3-14.7), but reported receipt of other adult vaccines was not. Higher frequency of worry about impact of COVID-19 on health was also positively associated with vaccine intention (always worry 83%; p=0.006). No other significant variations by personal characteristics or listed potential predictors were observed. The largest proportion of adults identified health care providers (66%) and family (62%) as positive influences; social media had the smallest proportion (8% positive, 6% negative) on intention to accept vaccination.

Conclusions: Similar to national averages, 66% of our sample intended to accept a COVID-19 vaccine. Flu vaccination in the last year and worrying about health during the pandemic predicted intention to receive the vaccine. Health care providers were most frequently identified as a positive influence on vaccine uptake, underscoring the importance of their role in recommending COVID-19 vaccinations.

Intention for COVID-19 vaccination: predictors and sources of influence.

The objective of this study is to determine hospitalization and case-fatality rates in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a large academic medical center in the United States of America which predominately serves rural and underrepresented populations. EMR data abstraction of a cohort of lab-confirmed COVID-19, outpatient and inpatient, adult patients, who tested positive at Augusta University Medical Center (AUMC) in 2020 (N = 18,403) was conducted. Eligible patients were identified using the data mining tool, i2b2. COVID-19 hospitalization and case fatality rates were calculated. Logistic and Poisson regression models were constructed to identify characteristics associated with hospitalization, death, and hospital stay. The hospitalization rate was 3.97%. Patients aged 45-64 and 65+ had significantly higher hospitalization rates. Compared to White, hospitalization rates were higher in Black (AOR 2.35, 95% CI, 1.99-2.77, p 0.001) and Hispanic patients (AOR 1.92, 95% CI, 1.92-3.01, p 0.01). Overall COVID-19 case fatality rate was 0.62% and, in hospitalized patients, was 14.25%. Patients 65+ had higher odds of death (AOR 7.57, 95% CI, 3.25-22.13, p 0.001). Case fatality rates did not vary by race. In conclusion, in a primarily rural and underserved population prior to known effective therapy, overall and hospitalized case fatality rates were similar to studies from large urban areas. Keywords: COVID-19, case fatality, hospitalization rate, rural health.

https://doi.org/10.30918/irjmms.104.22.029

Hospitalization and case fatality rates of adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a tertiary academic medical center in 2020

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Intention for COVID-19 vaccination: predictors and sources of influence.

Hospitalization and case fatality rates of adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a tertiary academic medical center in 2020