자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

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Using Multivariate Statistics

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Flow The Psychology Of Optimal Experience

State-Trait Anxiety Inventoryによるペインクリニック外来患者の不安の評価

This presentation is a case study taken from the travel and holiday industry. Paxport/Multicom, based in UK and Sweden, have recently adopted a recommendation system for holiday accommodation bookings. Machine learning techniques such as Collaborative Filtering have been applied using Python (3.5.1), with Jupyter (4.0.6) as the main framework. Data scale and sparsity present significant challenges in the case study, and so the effectiveness of various techniques are described as well as the performance of Python-based libraries such as Python Data Analysis Library (Pandas), and Scikit-learn (built on NumPy, SciPy and matplotlib). The presentation is suitable for all levels of programmers.

Machine learning with Python

The aim of this study was to test the predictions of attentional control theory using the quiet eye period as an objective measure of attentional control. Ten basketball players took free throws in two counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the anxiety they experienced. Point of gaze was measured using an ASL Mobile Eye tracker and fixations including the quiet eye were determined using frame-by-frame analysis. The manipulation of anxiety resulted in significant reductions in the duration of the quiet eye period and free throw success rate, thus supporting the predictions of attentional control theory. Anxiety impaired goal-directed attentional control (quiet eye period) at the expense of stimulus-driven control (more fixations of shorter duration to various targets). The findings suggest that attentional control theory may be a useful theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in visuomotor sport skills.

/pdf/the-influence-of-anxiety-on-visual-attentional-control-in-3rqsw6b0qm.pdf

The influence of anxiety on visual attentional control in basketball free throw shooting.

Background
The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a multidimensional, surgery-specific workload measure (the SURG-TLX), and to determine its utility in providing diagnostic information about the impact of various sources of stress on the perceived demands of trained surgical operators. As a wide range of stressors have been identified for surgeons in the operating room, the current approach of considering stress as a unidimensional construct may not only limit the degree to which underlying mechanisms may be understood but also the degree to which training interventions may be successfully matched to particular sources of stress.

/pdf/development-and-validation-of-a-surgical-workload-measure-g8gp36uryk.pdf

Development and Validation of a Surgical Workload Measure: The Surgery Task Load Index (SURG-TLX)

The current study sought to test the predictions of attentional control theory (ACT) in a sporting environment. Fourteen experienced footballers took penalty kicks under low- and high-threat counterbalanced conditions while wearing a gaze registration system. Fixations to target locations (goalkeeper and goal area) were determined using frame-by-frame analysis. When anxious, footballers made faster first fixations and fixated for significantly longer toward the goalkeeper. This disruption in gaze behavior brought about significant reductions in shooting accuracy, with shots becoming significantly centralized and within the goalkeeper’s reach. These findings support the predictions of ACT, as anxious participants were more likely to focus on the “threatening” goalkeeper, owing to an increased influence of the stimulus-driven attentional control system.

/pdf/anxiety-attentional-control-and-performance-impairment-in-468texwvmf.pdf

Anxiety, Attentional Control, and Performance Impairment in Penalty Kicks

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a brief quiet eye (QE) training intervention aimed at optimizing visuomotor control and putting performance of elite golfers under pressure, and in real competition. Twenty-two elite golfers (mean handicap 2.7) recorded putting statistics over 10 rounds of competitive golf before attending training individually. Having been randomly assigned to either a QE training or Control group, participants were fitted with an Applied Science Laboratories Mobile Eye tracker and performed 20 baseline (pre-test) putts from 10 ft. Training consisted of video feedback of their gaze behavior while they completed 20 putts; however the QE-trained group received additional instructions related to maintaining a longer QE period. Participants then recorded their putting statistics over a further 10 competitive rounds and re-visited the laboratory for retention and pressure tests of their visuomotor control and putting performance. Overall, the results were supportive of the efficacy of the QE training intervention. QE duration predicted 43% of the variance in putting performance, underlying its critical role in the visuomotor control of putting. The QE-trained group maintained their optimal QE under pressure conditions, whereas the Control group experienced reductions in QE when anxious, with subsequent effects on performance. Although their performance was similar in the pre-test, the QE-trained group holed more putts and left the ball closer to the hole on missed putts than their Control group counterparts in the pressure test. Importantly, these advantages transferred to the golf course, where QE-trained golfers made 1.9 fewer putts per round, compared to pre-training, whereas the Control group showed no change in their putting statistics. These results reveal that QE training, incorporated into a pre-shot routine, is an effective intervention to help golfers maintain control when anxious.

/pdf/quiet-eye-training-facilitates-competitive-putting-4dv7jbn22x.pdf

Quiet eye training facilitates competitive putting performance in elite golfers.

In this study, we examined how individuals controlled their gaze behaviour during execution of a far aiming task and whether the functional relationship between perception and action was disrupted by increased anxiety. Twenty participants were trained on a simulated archery task, using a joystick to aim and shoot arrows at the target, and then competed in two counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the anxiety they experienced. The specific gaze behaviour measured was the duration of the quiet eye period. As predicted, accuracy was affected by the duration of the quiet eye period, with longer quiet eye periods being associated with better performance. The manipulation of anxiety resulted in reductions in the duration of quiet eye. Our results show that the quiet eye period is sensitive to increases in anxiety and may be a useful index of the efficiency of visual orientation in aiming tasks.

/pdf/state-anxiety-and-visual-attention-the-role-of-the-quiet-eye-1os1xgxu9d.pdf

State anxiety and visual attention: The role of the quiet eye period in aiming to a far target

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