Field-assisted sintering technology/Spark plasma sintering is a low voltage, direct current (DC) pulsed current activated, pressure-assisted sintering, and synthesis technique, which has been widely applied for materials processing in the recent years. After a description of its working principles and historical background, mechanical, thermal, electrical effects in FAST/SPS are presented along with the role of atmosphere. A selection of successful materials development including refractory materials, nanocrystalline functional ceramics, graded, and non-equilibrium materials is then discussed. Finally, technological aspects (advanced tool concepts, temperature measurement, finite element simulations) are covered.

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Field-Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

An overview of the achievements of the German priority program “Functionally Graded Materials (FGM)” in the field of processing techniques is given. Established powder processes and techniques involving metal melts are described, and recent developments in the field of graded polymer processing are considered. The importance of modeling of gradient formation, sintering and drying for the production of defect-free parts with predictable gradients in microstructure is discussed, and examples of a successful application of numerical simulations to the processing of functionally graded materials are given.

Processing techniques for functionally graded materials

Recent literature on the electrodeposition of metallic coatings containing nanosized particles is surveyed. The nanosized particles, suspended in the electrolyte by agitation and/or use of surfactants, can be codeposited with the metal. The inclusion of nanosized particles can give (i) an increased microhardness and corrosion resistance, (ii) modified growth to form a nanocrystalline metal deposit and (iii) a shift in the reduction potential of a metal ion. Many operating parameters influence the quantity of incorporated particles, including current density, bath agitation (or movement of work piece) and electrolyte composition. High incorporation rates of the dispersed particles have been achieved using (i) a high nanoparticle concentration in the electrolyte solution, (ii) smaller sized nanoparticles; (iii) a low concentration of electroactive species, (iv) ultrasonication during deposition and (v) pulsed current techniques. Compositional gradient coatings are possible having a controlled distribution of particles in the metal deposit and the theoretical models used to describe the phenomenon of particle codeposition within a metal deposit are critically considered.

Electrodeposition of composite coatings containing nanoparticles in a metal deposit

In this paper the authors derive a higher-order shear deformation theory for modeling functionally graded plates accounting for extensibility in the thickness direction. The explicit governing equations and boundary conditions are obtained using the principle of virtual displacements under Carrera’s Unified Formulation. The static and eigenproblems are solved by collocation with radial basis functions. The efficiency of the present approach is assessed with numerical results including deflection, stresses, free vibration, and buckling of functionally graded isotropic plates and functionally graded sandwich plates.

/pdf/static-free-vibration-and-buckling-analysis-of-isotropic-and-3kzg33vvlb.pdf

Static, free vibration and buckling analysis of isotropic and sandwich functionally graded plates using a quasi-3D higher-order shear deformation theory and a meshless technique

Rational materials design based on prior knowledge is attractive because it promises to avoid time-consuming synthesis and testing of numerous materials candidates. However with the increase of complexity of materials, the scientific ability for the rational materials design becomes progressively limited. As a result of this complexity, combinatorial and high-throughput (CHT) experimentation in materials science has been recognized as a new scientific approach to generate new knowledge. This review demonstrates the broad applicability of CHT experimentation technologies in discovery and optimization of new materials. We discuss general principles of CHT materials screening, followed by the detailed discussion of high-throughput materials characterization approaches, advances in data analysis/mining, and new materials developments facilitated by CHT experimentation. We critically analyze results of materials development in the areas most impacted by the CHT approaches, such as catalysis, electronic and fun...

Combinatorial and High-Throughput Screening of Materials Libraries: Review of State of the Art

Gradients in composite materials

The morphology of polymeric alloys

On nonstructural applications of composites

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Gradients in composite materials

The morphology of polymeric alloys

On nonstructural applications of composites