Tumors and tumorous conditions of the bones and joints

American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons' Position Paper on Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw-2022 Update.

Extracellular matrix as an inductive scaffold for functional tissue reconstruction.

Background: The mental foramen is a strategically important landmark during osteotomy procedures Its location and the possibility that an anterior loop of the mental nerve may be present mesial to the mental foramen needs to be considered before implant surgery to avoid mental nerve injury Methods: Articles that addressed the position, number, and size of the mental foramen, mental nerve anatomy, and consequences of nerve damage were evaluated for information pertinent to clinicians performing implant dentistry Results: The mental foramen may be oval or round and is usually located apical to the second mandibular premolar or between apices of the premolars However, its location can vary from the mandibular canine to the first molar The foramen may not appear on conventional radiographs, and linear measurements need to be adjusted to account for radiographic distortion Computerized tomography (CT) scans are more accurate for detecting the mental foramen than conventional radiographs There are discrepancies between studies regarding the prevalence and length of the loop of the mental nerve mesial to the mental foramen Furthermore, investigations that compared radiographic and cadaveric dissection data with respect to identifying the anterior loop reported that radiographic assessments result in a high percentage of false-positive and -negatives findings Sensory dysfunction due to nerve damage in the foraminal area can occur if the inferior alveolar or mental nerve is damaged during preparation of an osteotomy Conclusions: To avoid nerve injury during surgery in the foraminal area, guidelines were developed based on the literature with respect to verifying the position of the mental foramen and validating the presence of an anterior loop of the mental nerve These guidelines included leaving a 2 mm zone of safety between an implant and the coronal aspect of the nerve; observation of the inferior alveolar nerve and mental foramen on panoramic and periapical films prior to implant placement; use of CT scans when these techniques do not provide clarity with respect to the position of the nerve; surgical corroboration of the mental foramen’s position when an anterior loop of the mental foramen is suspected of being present or if it is unclear how much bone is present coronal to the foramen to establish a zone of safety (in millimeters) for implant placement; once a safety zone is identified, implants can be placed anterior to, posterior to, or above the mental foramen; and prior to placing an implant anterior to the mental foramen that is deeper than the safety zone, the foramen must be probed to exclude the possibility that an anterior loop is present In general, altered lip sensations are preventable if the mental foramen is located and this knowledge is employed when performing surgical procedures in the foraminal area J Periodontol 2006;77:1933-1943

/pdf/the-mental-foramen-and-nerve-clinical-and-anatomical-factors-3kgljgdp33.pdf

The mental foramen and nerve: clinical and anatomical factors related to dental implant placement: a literature review.

A protocol for management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

A comparison of vascularized and nonvascularized bone grafts for reconstruction of mandibular continuity defects

Twelve adults with maxillary width discrepancy of greater than 5 mm were treated by surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion. The procedure consisted of bilateral zygomatic buttress and midpalatal osteotomies combined with the use of a tooth-borne orthopedic device postoperatively. Mean palatal expansion of 7.5 mm (range of 6 to 13 mm), measured in the first molar region, was achieved within 3 weeks in all patients. Expansion remained stable during the 12-month study period, with a mean relapse for the entire group of 0.88 +/- 0.48 mm. Morbidity was limited to mild postoperative discomfort. The results of this preliminary study indicated that surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion is a safe, simple, and reliable procedure for achieving a permanent increase in skeletal maxillary width in adults. Further study is necessary to document the three-dimensional movements of the maxillary segments and long-term stability of the skeletal and dental changes.

Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion in adults.

The use of enucleation and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy in the management of odontogenic keratocysts

Is there a role for enucleation in the management of ameloblastoma

Calcitonin therapy for central giant cell granuloma

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