Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell arrest process, which is determined by a variety of complicated mechanisms, including telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic disorders, loss of protein homeostasis, epigenetic changes, etc. Cellular senescence is causally related to the occurrence and development of age-related disease. The elderly is liable to suffer from disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Therefore, it is increasingly imperative to explore specific countermeasures for the treatment of age-related diseases. Numerous studies on humans and mice emphasize the significance of metabolic imbalance caused by short telomeres and mitochondrial damages in the onset of age-related diseases. Although the experimental data are relatively independent, more and more evidences have shown that there is mutual crosstalk between telomeres and mitochondrial metabolism in the process of cellular senescence. This review systematically discusses the relationship between telomere length, mitochondrial metabolic disorder, as well as their underlying mechanisms for cellular senescence and age-related diseases. Future studies on telomere and mitochondrial metabolism may shed light on potential therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases. Graphical Abstract The characteristics of cellular senescence mainly include mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition. Mitochondrial dysfunction will cause mitochondrial metabolic disorders, including decreased ATP production, increased ROS production, as well as enhanced cellular apoptosis. While oxidative stress reaction to produce ROS, leads to DNA damage, and eventually influences telomere length. Under the stimulation of oxidative stress, telomerase catalytic subunit TERT mainly plays an inhibitory role on oxidative stress, reduces the production of ROS and protects telomere function. Concurrently, mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition eventually induce a range of age-related diseases, such as T2DM, osteoporosis, AD, etc. :increase; :reduce;⟝:inhibition. 

/pdf/telomeres-and-mitochondrial-metabolism-implications-for-1ipyu126.pdf

Telomeres and Mitochondrial Metabolism: Implications for Cellular Senescence and Age-related Diseases

Hydrogels, as one of the most feasible soft biomaterials, have gained considerable attention in therapeutic applications by virtue of their tunable properties including superior patient compliance, good biocompatibility and biodegradation, and high cargo-loading efficiency. However, hydrogel application is still limited by some challenges like inefficient encapsulation, easy leakage of loaded cargoes, and the lack of controllability. Recently, nanoarchitecture-integrated hydrogel systems were found to be therapeutics with optimized properties, extending their bioapplication. In this review, we briefly presented the category of hydrogels according to their synthetic materials and further discussed the advantages in bioapplication. Additionally, various applications of nanoarchitecture hybrid hydrogels in biomedical engineering are systematically summarized, including cancer therapy, wound healing, cardiac repair, bone regeneration, diabetes therapy, and obesity therapy. Last, the current challenges, limitations, and future perspectives in the future development of nanoarchitecture-integrated flexible hydrogels are addressed.

Nanoarchitecture-Integrated Hydrogel Systems toward Therapeutic Applications.

Bioactive peptides (BPs) possess a broad spectrum of beneficial effects, such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-aging functions. Given their rapid developments, it is important to revisit our knowledge of BPs, including their production, bioactivity, bioaccessibility, commercial availability, and the latest work in structural bioinformatics. In this paper, recent advances in BP sources, production and characterization, bioactivities, and commercial availability are briefly reviewed; critical challenges, as well as corresponding perspectives, are highlighted. In silico approaches show a great potential to accelerate BP studies and warrant further research. An integrated and comprehensive workflow for future BP screening and evaluation is proposed. There is a great demand for in vivo experiments to further understand the mechanisms of BPs and promote their commercialization. This perspective paper will be a useful reference for both academic researchers and industry partners to comprehend current developments in BPs and to design future research that connects structural bioinformatics, advanced computation methods, and wet chemistry studies. 

Review and perspective on bioactive peptides: A roadmap for research, development, and future opportunities

Lipid carriers for mRNA delivery

Physicochemical properties of films produced using nanoemulsions stabilized by carboxymethyl chitosan-peptide conjugates and application in blueberry preservation

Anti-aging properties of phytoconstituents and phyto-nanoemulsions and their application in managing aging-related diseases.

It has been reported that cardiac glycosides (CGs) commonly used in clinical practice can inhibit tumor growth by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), and their positive benefits have been documented in several clinical trials of drug combinations. However, the inherent cardiogenic side effects need to be addressed before CGs can be truly applied in clinical antitumor therapy. In this study, a dual controlled release microsphere/hydrogel platform (OL-M/Gel) was constructed to precisely control the output of oleandrin (OL, one of the representative CGs) in situ in tumors. With the help of this intelligent drug release platform, OL can be released in vitro and in vivo in a sustained and stable manner. The ability of OL to induce ICD and the subsequent antigen presentation and cytotoxic T-cell cascades was first stated, which resulted in potent tumor growth suppression without significant side effects. In addition, the inhibition of autologous tumor recurrence and metastasis by OL-M/Gel was also revealed. This study is expected to break through the inherent bottleneck of CGs and promote their clinical transformation in the field of antitumor treatment.

Localized Microsphere/Hydrogel for Tumor Immunotherapy of Cardiac Glycoside with Minimal Toxicity.

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Anti-aging properties of phytoconstituents and phyto-nanoemulsions and their application in managing aging-related diseases.

Localized Microsphere/Hydrogel for Tumor Immunotherapy of Cardiac Glycoside with Minimal Toxicity.