A few epidemiological studies have examined whether there was an interactive effect between temperature and ambient particulate matter on cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality, but the results were inconsistent. The present study used three time-series approaches to explore whether maximum temperature modified the impact of ambient particulate matter less than 10 microm in diameter (PM(10)) on daily respiratory hospital admissions, cardiovascular hospital admissions, respiratory emergency visits, cardiovascular emergency visits, non-external cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in Brisbane between 1996 and 2001. The analytical approaches included a bivariate response surface model, a non-stratification parametric model and a stratification parametric model. Results show that there existed a statistically significant interaction between PM(10) and temperature on most health outcomes at various lags. PM(10) exhibited more adverse health effects on warm days than cold days. The choice of the degree of freedom for smoothers to adjust for confounders and the selection of arbitrary cut-offs for temperature affected the interaction estimates to a certain extent, but did not change the overall conclusion. The results imply that it is important to control and reduce the emission of air particles in Brisbane, particularly when temperature increases.

Temperature Modifies the Health Effects of Particulate Matter in Brisbane, Australia

This review will clarify the natural history of chronic subdural haematoma (SDH). Chronic SDH has dual origins, one from subdural hygromas (SDG) and the other from acute SDHs. It occurs only in pat...

Natural history of chronic subdural haematoma.

Results : Among the 290 patients, Group A included 71 patients (24.5%), Group B included 98 patients (33.8%) and Group C included 121 patients (41.7%). Three patients (4.2%) in Group A had a history of receiving ACs/APs, 8 patients (8.2%) in Group B, and 19 patients (15.7%) in Group C. Other factors such as head trauma, alcoholism, epilepsy, previous neurosurgery and underlying disease having bleeding tendency were also evaluated. In ACs/APs related cause of CSDH in Group C, significantly less proportion of the patients are associated with trauma or alcohol compared to the non-medication group. Conclusion : In this study, the authors concluded that ACs/APs have more importance as a risk factor of CSDH in the recent period compared to the past. Therefore, doctors should prescribe these medications carefully balancing the potential risk and benefit.

http://www.jkns.or.kr/upload/pdf/jkns-52-234.pdf

Recent Changes in Risk Factors of Chronic Subdural Hematoma

Objective
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common types of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, usually occurring in the older patients, with a good surgical prognosis. Burr hole craniostomy is the most frequently used neurosurgical treatment of CSDH. However, there have been only few studies to assess the role of the number of burr holes in respect to recurrence rates. The aim of this study is to compare the postoperative recurrence rates between one and two burr craniostomy with closed-system drainage for CSDH.

pdf/one-vs-two-burr-hole-craniostomy-in-surgical-treatment-of-3nzpjub9iq.pdf

One vs. Two Burr Hole Craniostomy in Surgical Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma.

Detection-based prioritisation: Framework of multi-laboratory characteristics for asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers based on integrated Entropy-TOPSIS methods.

Objectives : Numerous studies have revealed the adverse health effects of acute and chronic exposure to particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10 ). The aim of the present study was to examine the spatial distribution of PM10 concentrations and cardiovascular mortality and to investigate the spatial correlation between PM 10 and cardiovascular mortality using spatial scan statistic (SaTScan) and a regression model. Methods : From 2008 to 2010, the spatial distribution of PM 10 in the Seoul metropolitan area was examined via kriging. In addition, a group of cardiovascular mortality cases was analyzed using SaTScan-based cluster exploration. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was applied to investigate the correlation between PM 10 concentrations and cardiovascular mortality. Results : An examination of the regional distribution of the cardiovascular mortality was higher in provincial districts (gu) belonging to Incheon and the northern part of Gyeonggido than in other regions. In a comparison of PM 10 concentrations and mortality cluster (MC) regions, all those belonging to MC 1 and MC 2 were found to belong to particulate matter (PM) 1 and PM 2 with high concentrations of air pollutants. In addition, the GWR showed that PM 10 has a statistically significant relation to cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions : To investigate the relation between air pollution and health impact, spatial analyses can be utilized based on kriging, cluster exploration, and GWR for a more systematic and quantitative analysis. It has been proven that cardiovascular mortality is spatially related to the concentration of PM 10 .

Spatial analysis of PM 10 and cardiovascular mortality in the Seoul metropolitan area

bjectives:A 10-year retrospective clinical study was undertaken to determine the differences between two groups according to age at presentation(group A, under 50;B, over 50). Methods:We analyzed 468 cases with chronic subdural hematoma admitted to the department of neurosurgery in our hospital from January 1987 to December 1996. The patients were divided into two groups according to age at presentation(group A, under 50;B, over 50). Results: 1) The number of group A was 126 cases(26.9%) and that of group B was 342 cases(73.1%), respectively. Males were more frequently involved than females in each group. 2) There noted a history of head trauma in 88.9% of group A and 92.4% of group B. Forty-nine patients(38.9%) of group A and 103 cases(30.1%) of group B revealed a history of alcoholism. 3) Group A patients presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as headache(75.% ), nausea and vomiting(68.0%). However, Group B patients had more frequent mental changes(84.0%) and focal neurological deficits such as hemiparesis(76.5%). 4) Onset of symptom and its duration was shorter in group A than group B. 5) Six patients among 441 cases(1.4%) treated with burr hole drainage and two patients of 27 cases(5.4%) with craniotomy died, and all of these were group B patients. The two cases among six patients with burr hole drainage developed huge intracerebral hemorrhage and brain stem hemorrhage, respectively. Conclusion:In treating patients with chronic subdural hematoma, distinguishing between two age groups is quite helpful to determine treatment strategies.

A Clinical Analysis of Chronic Subdural Hematoma according to Age Factor.

Post-treatment Bleeding of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.

Objectives: Many studies have shown that air pollution and temperature have adverse effects on mortality and morbidity. But the interactive effect between air pollution and temperature on mortality has been rarely investigated. This study aims to explore whether temperature modifies the associations between ambient particulate matter less than in diameter () and mortality in Seoul, Korea. Methods: The time-series analysis examined the effect of the interaction between and temperature on mortality from 1999 to 2010 in Seoul. In order to examine the interactive effect between and temperature on mortality, we fitted a response surface model controlling the time-trends and meteorological variables. The effects of were stratified by temperature stratum to quantitatively estimate the -health outcome associations. Results: When temperature was low (below the threshold temperature), the percentage increases per increase of increased 0.38% (95% Confidence Interval[CI]: 0.09~0.68%) and 0.31% (95% CI: - 0.07~0.68%) of mortality in the all age group and year age group, respectively. When temperature was high (above the threshold temperature), the percentage increases per increase of increased 1.09% (95% CI: 0.47~1.72%) and 1.35% (95% CI: 0.65~2.06%) for mortality in the all age group and year age group, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed strong modification by temperature in the association between and mortality. We recommend that public health strategies to minimize adverse health impact of heat and should be considered in control and prevention measures for air pollution and weather-related health impacts.

/pdf/temperature-modifies-the-association-between-pm10-and-1kpgkvnk6g.pdf

Temperature Modifies the Association between PM10 and Mortality in Seoul

The Clinical Analysis of Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Underwent Surgery: Comparison Between Conventional and Endoscopic Surgery.

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