/pdf/handbook-of-plant-nutrition-1uozdhlhhi.pdf

Handbook of Plant Nutrition

Book reviewTerrestrial nitrogen cycles: F.E. Clark and T. Rosswall (Editors), Ecological Bulletins 33, NFR (Swedish National Research Council), Stockholm, 1981, 714 pp., US $56.00, ISBN 91-546-0290-4

Abstract Shortage of wood as a raw material has forced wood-based industries to find alternative local raw materials. Currently, oil palm biomass is undergoing research and development (R & D) and appears to be the most viable alternative. This work examines the conversion of oil palm trunk (OPT) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) into new plywood and analyses its properties. We prepared five-ply veneer hybrid plywood (alternating layers of oil palm trunk veneer and empty fruit bunch mat) with different spread levels (300 g/m 2 and 500 g/m 2 ) of resins (phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde). We then studied the mechanical and physical properties of the plywood. The results show that hybridisation of EFB with OPT improves some properties of plywood, such as bending strength, screw withdrawal and shear strength. The thermal properties of the plywood panels were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The panels glued with phenol formaldehyde with a spread level of 500 g/m 2 showed better thermal stability than the other panels. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the fibre matrix bonding and surface morphology of the plywood at different glue spread levels of the resins. The fibre–matrix bonding showed good improvement for the hybrid panel glued with 500 g/m 2 phenol formaldehyde.

Development and material properties of new hybrid plywood from oil palm biomass. Mater Des

Preface 1 Plants as the basis of agriculture 2 Plants and water 3 Plants and minerals 4 Plant strength and integrity 5 Plant growth and development: seed and seedling 6 Plant growth and development: the vegetative plant 7 Plant growth and development: flower, fruit and seed 8 Plant growth and development: environmental effects and internal control 9 Plant variation, inheritance and breeding 10 Vegetative propagation 11 Crop production and yield 12 Plants as food Index

Plants in agriculture.

The leveling off of rice production in Indonesia is caused by degradation of wetlands, which could be characterized by low organic matter content. The factors that cause this issue such as the utilization inorganic fertilizer only, the habit of farmers carrying out rice straw off from wetland or burning of rice straw. The objectives of this research were (1) to test the ability of decomposers in speeded up the decomposition process of rice straw,( 2) examined the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice. The experiment design is completely randomized block. The treatment of decomposers are control (D0), decomposers collection of Prof Iswandi Anas (D1), and commercial decomposers (D2). The treatments in field are NPK 100%, NPK 50%, NPK 50% + PO1, and NPK 50% + PO2 + PB. PO1 and PO2 was an organic fertilizer that each decomposed by D1 and D2, PB was a bioorganic fertilizer. Application of decomposers in this experiment did not speed up the decomposition of rice straw. It is caused because C/N the rice straw low. Application of 50% NPK with organik fertilizer to 100% NPK was not significantly, so that the role of organic fertilizer could not be evaluated. However, there was a tendency of enhancing growth and yield of rice in addition of decomposed organic fertilizer by decomposers. Keywords: Decomposers, rice production, straw organic fertilizer

/pdf/pemanfaatan-jerami-sebagai-pupuk-organik-untuk-meningkatkan-dkvk3cwjey.pdf

PEMANFAATAN JERAMI SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADI (Oryza sativa)

Peat soil amelioration has important role on improvement of soil peat fertility such as  on increasing soil pH,  reducing organic acid and toxic ions, and also increasing nutrients availability.  Soil amelioration with polyvalent cations (Fe Al Cu Zn) namely slag, lateritic soils, and river mud are effectively reducing harmful effect of phenolic acid. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of soil amelioration on peat soil chemical properties, optimum temperature amelioran tras and dolomite to increase Si concentration in peat soil, also to determine the effect of soil amelioration on increasing crop productivity (both biomass and yield).  The study was consisted of two sets of experiments, namely soil incubation in the laboratory and greenhouse experiment with 4 replications of CRD (complete randomized design) plot design.  The result of the study showed that  the application of slag and dolomite are significantly different to increase pH, base saturation, and (Ca, Mg) content, meanwhile slag application was more complex and stable on improving chemical properties of peat soil.  Slag was also improving pH, KB, and Ca, Fe content  as well as silica and ash.  Tras and dolomite burning were not significantly different on increasing silica in peat soil. Slag application was significantly increased both dried crop biomass and yield on rice.  The best ameliorant was slag compared to tras, dolomite, and mixed tras dolomit with slag. Keywords: Ameliorant, organic acids, paddy, peat soil

/pdf/effectivity-of-soil-amelioration-on-peat-soil-and-rice-4bv5ngsssd.pdf

Effectivity of Soil Amelioration on Peat Soil and Rice Productivity

Pemupukan merupakan salah satu komponen kegiatan pemeliharaan yang menghabiskan biaya yang cukup tinggi sekaligus memiliki pengaruh yang cukup besar terhadap pencapaian produksi tanaman kelapa sawit. Penambahan salah satu unsur hara melalui pemupukan akan menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran keseimbangan hara di dalam tanah, oleh sebab itu kegiatan pemupukan perlu memperhatikan keseimbangan hara agar pemupukan yang dilakukan dapat lebih efisien dan efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari nilai kisaran keseimbangan K, Ca, Mg di dalam tanah untuk tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei lapangan dengan menggunakan data hasil analisis tanah dan data produksi yang dikumpulkan dari perkebunan kelapa sawit yang tersebar di beberapa provinsi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan asumsi nilai sekat produktivitas 25.96 ton TBS ha-1tahun-1 kisaran nilai rasio hara yang seimbang untuk tanaman kelapa sawit masing-masing 5.6 – 10.1 untuk rasio Ca/K, 2.1 – 2.5 untuk rasio Ca/Mg dan 2.1 – 4.5 untuk rasio Mg/K. Sementara nilai kecukupan kejenuhan K, Ca, Mg masing-masing sebesar 2.5%; 11.8% dan 3.7%.

/pdf/rasio-dan-kejenuhan-hara-k-ca-mg-di-dalam-tanah-untuk-5247ou0e2t.pdf

RASIO DAN KEJENUHAN HARA K, Ca, Mg DI DALAM TANAH UNTUK TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Phosphor (P) is the second esensial element after nitrogen which is needed by plants, however, its ava/i!ahi/ity is a problem in vulcanic ash soils such as Andisol. The objective of the research was to study the effect of organic matter (Puerariajavanica) and rock phosphate to the growth and P-uptake of corn plant in Andisol Pasir Sarongge. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agriculture University. The design of the experiment was completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the rates of organic matter (0, 2.5%, and 5%) and the second factor was the rates of rock phosphate (0, 40 mg Plkg, and 80 mg Plkg), therefore there were 27 of treatments of experiment. Three kilogram of soil samples were put in the plastic bag and mixed with combination of organic matter and rock phosphate based on the treatments and then incubatedfor 4 week periods. After incubation, five seeds of corn were planted, and then were selected and left three plants after one week period. The soil moisture was maintained to water holding capacity.The results of the study showed that after 4 weeks of planting (4WAP), addition of organic matter increased plant height, dry matter and P- uptake of corn plant. However, the effect between the rate of 2.5% and 5% of organic matter to those variables above were not significantly different. The increased of plant height (4WAP), dry matter, and P-uptake due to addition of organic matter were in the range of 32-41%, 68-105%, and 84-92%, respectively. Meanwhile. addition of rock phosphate. and combination of organic matter and rock phosphate did not affect those variables.

/pdf/the-effect-of-organic-matter-pueraria-javanica-and-rock-232cd47i1y.pdf

The Effect of Organic Matter (Pueraria javanica) and Rock Phosphate on the Growth and P-uptake of Corn Plant (Zea mays) in Andisol Pasir Saronggae

This study aims to evaluate the distribution of phosphorus (P) fractions within the soil horizons or profile of forest, agroforestry, and dryland in West Java and their correlations with soil chemical properties. Evaluation was based on the analytical results of soil samples taken from four soil horizons (Ao or Ap, A1 or A2, B1, and, B2) in each land use types. Fractionation of soil P was carried out using a sequential extraction method to get readily available-P (NaHCO 3 -P-inorganic (i)-P-organic (o)), rather available-P (NaOH-P i -P o ), slowly available-P (HCl-P i ), not available-P (residual-P), and total-P (HCl25%-P) fractions. The results showed that the average concentration of soil residual-P fraction in all land use types reached >99% of the total-P. The highest average concentration of residual-P fraction was measured in dryland, followed by forest and agroforestry. This indicated that soil P adsorption capacity was very high and resulted in a very low concentrations of the soil available-P fractions. The high concentrations of soil residual-P and total-P fractions were most probably related to P fertilizer application, particularly in dryland soil. Distributions of P fractions within the soil horizons at all land use types were significantly correlated with the concentration of soil organic matter content. It is therefore the concentration of soil NaOH-P o fraction was decreasing with the soil depths. The highest concentration was found at Ao or Ap horizon, although it was not the case for NaOH-P o fractions that was relatively constant.

/pdf/fraksionasi-fosfor-pada-profil-tanah-hutan-wanatani-dan-4oyq7wahvt.pdf

Fraksionasi Fosfor pada Profil Tanah Hutan, Wanatani, dan Tegalan di Jawa Barat

Effects of humic substances on phosphorus sorption and desorption characteristics of soils high in iron and aluminum oxides.

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