Tuning nitrogen functionalities in catalytically grown nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes

Field emission electron sources in vacuum electronics are largely considered to achieve faster response, higher efficiency and lower energy consumption in comparison with conventional thermionic emitters. Carbon nanotubes had a leading role in renewing attention to field emission technologies in the early 1990s, due to their exceptional electron emitting properties enabled by their large aspect ratio, high electrical conductivity, and thermal and chemical stability. In the last decade, the search for improved emitters has been extended to several carbon nanostructures, comprising carbon nanotubes, either individual or films, diamond structures, graphitic materials, graphene, etc. Here, we review the main results in the development of carbon-based field emitters.

Field Emission from Carbon Nanostructures

The influence of nitrogen sources on nitrogen doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes

A low operating electric field has been achieved on silicon nanowires grown on carbon cloth. The silicon nanowires were grown on carbon cloth via the vapor-liquid-solid reaction using silane gas as the silicon source and gold as catalyst from the decomposition of hydrogen gold tetrachloride. An emission current density of 1mA∕cm2 was obtained at an operating electric field of 0.7V∕μm. Such low field is resulted from a high field enhancement factor of 6.1×104 due to the combined effects of the high intrinsic aspect ratio of silicon nanowires and the woven geometry of carbon cloth. Such results may lead silicon nanowire field emitters to practical applications in vacuum microelectronic devices including microwave devices.

http://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/schools/cas_sites/physics/pdf/Ren/P189.pdf

Field emission of silicon nanowires grown on carbon cloth

Enhanced electrochemical hydrogen storage by catalytic Fe-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was used to grow Fe-catalyzed carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The nanotubes had a uniform diameter in the range of about 10–20 nm. A base growth mode was responsible for the CNTs growth using a mixture of H 2 (60 sccm) and C 2 H 2 (15 sccm). For a mixture of H 2 (100 sccm) and C 2 H 2 (25 sccm), a complicated growth mechanism took place involving both the base growth and the tip growth. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed that the grown CNTs contained C–H covalent bonds and Fe–C bonds located at the interface between them and the substrates. The factors determining the growth mechanism of CNTs are discussed and their growth mechanisms with the different gas ratios are suggested.

Synthesis and growth mechanism of Fe-catalyzed carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

The memory emission (ME) effect of printed carbon nanotube cathodes (PCNTCs) was reported. If the surface of PCNTCs is marked in a pattern by some methods, the emission image of this cathode will be the figure of the same pattern, just like the PCNTCsremember what happened in the past. We named this phenomenon as “memory emission.” According to the finding of field emission scanning electron microcopy, we suggested that the connecting CNT bundles protruding to the substrate and the electron conductive probability increasing from the substrate to the topside CNT emitter, which result in the emission enhancement of the marked place, were the reasons of the ME effect of PCNTCs. With the help of the ME effect of PCNTCs, the well-patterned emission image could easily be obtained.

Memory emission of printed carbon nanotube cathodes

Improved emission stability of HfC-coated carbon nanotubes field emitters

Growth and field emission of coiled carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

The invention provides a simple and effective method to realize figure field-emission display of CNT film cathode manufactured by print means, which comprises: removing the organic additive for nano carbon tube film by thermal treatment technique to obtain integer-piece film cathode; diverting the figure to cathode surface by mechanical surface figure transfer method. This invention cuts greatly the process and cost.

Method for realizing carbon nano-tube thin film cathode graphics field emission display

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