An edge-sealed barrier film composite The composite includes a substrate and at least one initial barrier stack adjacent to the substrate The at least one initial barrier stack includes at least one decoupling layer and at least one barrier layer One of the barrier layers has an area greater than the area of one of the decoupling layers The decoupling layer is sealed by the first barrier layer within the area of barrier material An edge-sealed, encapsulated environmentally sensitive device is provided A method of making the edge-sealed barrier film composite is also provided

Method for edge sealing barrier films

A tool for depositing multilayer coatings onto a substrate. The tool includes a housing defining a vacuum chamber connected to a vacuum source, deposition stations each configured to deposit a layer of multilayer coating on the substrate, a curing station, and a contamination reduction device. At least one of the deposition stations is configured to deposit an inorganic layer, while at least one other deposition station is configured to deposit an organic layer. In one tool configuration, the substrate may travel back and forth through the tool as many times as needed to achieve the desired number of layers of multilayer coating. In another, the tool may include numerous housings adjacently spaced such that the substrate may make a single unidirectional pass. The contamination reduction device may be configured as one or more migration control chambers about at least one of the deposition stations, and further includes cooling devices, such as chillers, to reduce the presence of vaporous layer precursors. The tool is particularly well-suited to depositing multilayer coatings onto flexible substrates, as well as to encapsulating environmentally-sensitive devices placed on the flexible substrate.

Apparatus for depositing a multilayer coating on discrete sheets

A method and apparatus is disclosed herein for harvesting ambient energy. In one embodiment, an energy harvester comprises: a first RF rectifier to output a first voltage determined by rectified RF energy in response to received RF energy; a first energy reservoir coupled to the first RF rectifier to store energy at the first voltage; a DC/DC converter coupled to the first energy reservoir to convert the first voltage to a second voltage; a second reservoir coupled to the DC/DC converter to store energy at the second voltage, the second voltage being greater than the first voltage; and a third reservoir coupled to the second reservoir to receive energy transferred from the second reservoir periodically.

System for ambient energy harvesting

A device (10) which employs an acoustic signal having one or more frequencies for penetrating into ground, water, or sediments and vibrating a compliant buried object (8) is provided. When these acoustic signals encounter an acoustically compliant object (8) such as a mine, the acoustic signals vibrate the compliant object (8), leading to a vibration of the compliant object (8) against the boundaries of the surrounding medium such as ground sediment, creating a nonlinear distortion of the probing signal including the generation of harmonics and acoustic waves with combination frequencies (nonlinear signals). These nonlinear vibrating signals are received from the surface by a sensor (20). The amplitude of the measured nonlinear signals indicates the presence of an acoustically compliant object (8) such as a mine. The present invention also relates to a method and apparatus which emits an electromagnetic RF probing signal and acoustic or vibration signal (modulating signal), detects the reflected electromagnetic signal from the buried object (8), and processes the received signal, identifying the modulation caused by vibration.

Method and apparatus for acoustic detection of mines and other buried man-made objects

An acoustic data acquisition system for shipboard use is disclosed that allows for underwater acoustic data measurements at preselected submerged marine structural coordinates using a free swimming, quiet dynamically positionable remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Moreover, the disclosure provides a method of performing acoustic data acquisition with an ROV by first inputting the marine structural features by use of a computer aided design subsystem, determining the required trajectory path and hovering coordinates for data measurements, next, establishing the acoustic telemetry system for the remotely operated vehicle's control system to operate within and make an absolute positional fix to the marine structure's coordinates then, establish the ambient acoustic conditions of the worksite. The system is monitored and controlled from a computer based system. The system includes an ROV subsystem that operates in conjunction with a computer based long baseline underwater telemetry and positioning control subsystem, an acoustic transducer array attached to the ROV and a real time data-coordinate storage subsystem. A particular type of transducer suitable for use with this vehicle is a passive acoustic transducer array (hydrophones) that measures low level sound pressures and phase data that provides a detailed description of the sound power field emitted over the surface of the marine structure. Applications include oil/gas pipeline leak detection and location of malfunctioning underwater marine equipment.

Underwater acoustic data acquisition system

Acoustic energy is used to detect and identify objects buried in soil by imaging acoustic energy reflected from the soil and buried objects. Acoustic energy is injected into soil at an oblique angle relative to the surface of the soil, reflected and received. Signals representative of the reflected energy are processed to generate image signals used to generate images representative of the reflected energy. Objects buried within the soil are identified by viewing the images. In one embodiment, obliquely oriented acoustic energy signals are carried from a source to a soil sample by a first duct and reflections of that energy are carried to a receiver within an adjacent second duct. The ducts acoustically isolate the source from the receiver. A beveled end of the first duct and the second duct are supported above the soil sample for noncontact operations. In another embodiment, an acoustic energy source is obliquely supported upon and forced into engagement with soil in a reservoir. The reservoir is placed in contact with soil to be probed to effect a soil "impedance match" for oblique injection of acoustic energy into the soil. An acoustic energy receiver contacts the soil adjacent to the reservoir to receive acoustic energy reflected from the soil and objects buried within the soil. Pulse compression increases penetration depth. To compensate for soil attenuation characteristics, frequency-swept sinusoidal acoustic energy pulses are preferably amplitude modulated to have an exponentially changing envelope.

Method and apparatus for acoustic energy identification of objects buried in soil

A system and method of electronic component authentication or component classification can reduce the vulnerability of systems (e.g., satellites, weapons, critical infrastructure, aerospace, automotive, medical systems) to counterfeits. Intrinsic deterministically random property data can be obtained from a set of authentic electronic components, processed, and clustered to create a classifier that can distinguish whether an unknown electronic component is authentic or counterfeit.

Electronic component classification

An antenna (210, 700) for receiving electromagnetic energy with multiple grid arrays (20, 220) includes first and second grid patterns of diodes (40, 240, 710, 720) each acting as a half- wave rectifying element when illuminated by the electromagnetic energy (100) whereby the electromagnetic energy (100) is efficiently converted into electrical current at an output (12, 14) even when the electromagnetic energy (100) is randomly polarized. The multiple grid arrays (20, 220, 710, 720) are spaced from one another and can also be offset from one another. In accordance with an aspect of the invention, the first and second grid patterns of diodes (710, 720) have varying diode densities.

Multi-scale, multi-layer diode grid array rectenna

An apparatus for carrying by a diver while underwater that provides information useful for enabling the diver to expeditiously and safely work on submerged vessels without the danger of tapping into an explosive gas. The invention is particularly useful for finding liquid/gas boundary in a submerged vessel or the pressure of liquid or gas behind the wall of a vessel. A transmitting transducer provides a low frequency acoustic tone burst that is transmitted toward the hull of the ship. The reflected signal from the inner surface of the hull is received by a hydrophone and processed. Electronic circuit means, responsive to the received signal, processes the signal and computes the location of a liquid/gas interface or the presence of liquid or gas behind the hull. A display provides indications of the computed values.

Apparatus for determining liquid/gas interfaces

Sensor devices disclosed herein allow multiple analytes or organisms to be individually tagged and selectively detected. When a binding event occurs one or more nanoswitches close and the corresponding array resistance value produces a voltage imbalance in the Wheatstone Bridge. The voltage detected by the voltage meter will then exhibit unique value change corresponding to the particular nanoswitche(s) in the array that are closed due to a binding event. Similarly the same functionalization chemistry can be used on all nanoswitches so that the voltage detected by the voltage meter corresponds to concentration levels of the target analyte. Multiple functionalization chemistries on each switch can also be used to improve selectivity for more complex analytes. In some disclosed embodiments, the Wheatstone bridge voltage is tied to a predetermined resistance change rather than to smaller resistance changes that would occur from functionalization of one leg of a nanowire Wheatstone bridge.

Chemical/ biological sensors employing functionalized nanoswitch array

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