物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

Graph database models can be defined as those in which data structures for the schema and instances are modeled as graphs or generalizations of them, and data manipulation is expressed by graph-oriented operations and type constructors. These models took off in the eighties and early nineties alongside object-oriented models. Their influence gradually died out with the emergence of other database models, in particular geographical, spatial, semistructured, and XML. Recently, the need to manage information with graph-like nature has reestablished the relevance of this area. The main objective of this survey is to present the work that has been conducted in the area of graph database modeling, concentrating on data structures, query languages, and integrity constraints.

/pdf/survey-of-graph-database-models-2ssdmgcn9a.pdf

Survey of graph database models

Data matching (also known as record or data linkage, entity resolution, object identification, or field matching) is the task of identifying, matching and merging records that correspond to the same entities from several databases or even within one database. Based on research in various domains including applied statistics, health informatics, data mining, machine learning, artificial intelligence, database management, and digital libraries, significant advances have been achieved over the last decade in all aspects of the data matching process, especially on how to improve the accuracy of data matching, and its scalability to large databases. Peter Christens book is divided into three parts: Part I, Overview, introduces the subject by presenting several sample applications and their special challenges, as well as a general overview of a generic data matching process. Part II, Steps of the Data Matching Process, then details its main steps like pre-processing, indexing, field and record comparison, classification, and quality evaluation. Lastly, part III, Further Topics, deals with specific aspects like privacy, real-time matching, or matching unstructured data. Finally, it briefly describes the main features of many research and open source systems available today. By providing the reader with a broad range of data matching concepts and techniques and touching on all aspects of the data matching process, this book helps researchers as well as students specializing in data quality or data matching aspects to familiarize themselves with recent research advances and to identify open research challenges in the area of data matching. To this end, each chapter of the book includes a final section that provides pointers to further background and research material. Practitioners will better understand the current state of the art in data matching as well as the internal workings and limitations of current systems. Especially, they will learn that it is often not feasible to simply implement an existing off-the-shelf data matching system without substantial adaption and customization. Such practical considerations are discussed for each of the major steps in the data matching process.

Data Matching: Concepts and Techniques for Record Linkage, Entity Resolution, and Duplicate Detection

The B Book

Problems and Strategies in Services Marketing

Conceptual Modeling - Er 2007

From the Publisher:
Fundamentals of Information Systems contains articles from the 7th International Workshop on Foundations of Models and Languages for Data and Objects (FoMLaDO '98), which was held in Timmel, Germany. These articles capture various aspects of database and information systems theory.

Fundamentals of Information Systems

This paper presents the conceptual modelling parts of a methodology for the design of large-scale data-intensive web information systems (WISs) that is based on an abstract abstraction layer model (ALM). It concentrates on the two most important layers in this model: a business layer and a conceptual layer.The major activities on the business layer deal with user profiling and storyboarding, which addresses the design of an underlying application story. The core of such a story can be expressed by a directed multigraph, in which the vertices represent scenes and the edges actions by the users including navigation. This leads to story algebras which can then be used to personalise the WIS to the needs of a user with a particular profile.The major activities on the conceptual layer address the support of scenes by modelling media types, which combine links to databases via extended views with the generation of navigation structures, operations supporting the activities in the storyboard, hierarchical presentations, and adaptivity to users, end-devices and channels.

Conceptual modelling of web information systems

It is claimed that object oriented databases (OODBs) overcome many of the limitations of the relational model. However, the formal foundation of OODB concepts is still an open problem. Even worse, for relational databases a commonly accepted datamodel existed very early on whereas for OODBs the uniication of concepts is missing. The work reported in this paper contains the results of our rst investigations on a formally founded object oriented datamodel (OODM) and is intended to contribute to the development of a uniform mathematical theory of OODBs. A clear distinction between objects and values turns out to be essential in the OODM. Types and Classes are used to structure values and objects repectively. Then the problem of unique object identiication occurs. We show that this problem can be be solved for classes with extents that are completely representable by values. Such classes are called value-representable. Another advantage of the relational approach is the existence of structurally determined generic update operations. We show that this property can be carried over to object-oriented datamodels if classes are value-representable. Moreover, in this case database consistency with respect to implicitly speciied referential and inclusion constraints will be automatically preserved. This result can be generalized with respect to distinguished classes of explicitly stated static constraints. Given some arbitrary method and some integrity constraint there exists a greatest consistent specialization (GCS) that behaves nice in that it is compatible with the conjunction of constraints. We present an algorithm for the GCS construction of user-deened methods and describe the GCSs of generic update operations that are required herein.

Fundamental Concepts of Object Oriented Databases.

The user interface of data-intensive information systems may be described as a collection of semi-independent dialogues with underlying procedures accessing databases. It will be shown how to conceptualize dialogues via dialogue objects. These are organized in an object oriented fashion by dialogue classes modelled as extended database views. The description is based on an object oriented model which enables a smooth integration of dialogues with the underlying database schema. The resulting integrated model can serve as a unifying conceptual umbrella encompassing both databases and user-interfaces. The only remaining task for the presentation layer consists of suitable ergonomic presentations of dialogue objects on the screen by means of a general user interface management system. This approach may help in the development of information systems that aim at the support of highly skilled users. The design of such systems has to cope with the specific work conditions as being self-organized, equipped with certain duties and responsibilities and dependent on some environmental knowledge. Such systems are supposed to leave fundamental decisions to their users, e.g. to continue or interrupt a certain piece of work or to switch from one application to another in order to achieve a seamless embedding in organisational processes and work flow.

Integrating database and dialogue design

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