Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions that form C–N bonds have become useful methods to synthesize anilines and aniline derivatives, an important class of compounds throughout chemical research. A key factor in the widespread adoption of these methods has been the continued development of reliable and versatile catalysts that function under operationally simple, user-friendly conditions. This review provides an overview of Pd-catalyzed N-arylation reactions found in both basic and applied chemical research from 2008 to the present. Selected examples of C–N cross-coupling reactions between nine classes of nitrogen-based coupling partners and (pseudo)aryl halides are described for the synthesis of heterocycles, medicinally relevant compounds, natural products, organic materials, and catalysts.

Applications of Palladium-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling Reactions

Immunological activation of mast cells is an important trigger in the cascade of inflammatory events leading to the manifestation of allergic diseases. Pharmacological studies using the recently discovered DP(1) and CRTH2 antagonists combined with genetic analysis support the view that these receptors have a pivotal role in mediating aspects of allergic diseases that are resistant to current therapy. This Review focuses on the emerging roles that DP(1) and CRTH2 (also known as DP(2)) have in acute and chronic aspects of allergic diseases and proposes that, rather than having opposing actions, these receptors have complementary roles in the initiation and maintenance of the allergy state. We also discuss recent progress in the discovery and development of selective antagonists of these receptors.

Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptors DP1 and CRTH2 as an approach to treat allergic diseases.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) comprises a network of enzymes that is responsible for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. The therapeutic potential of this pathway has been validated by the clinical successes of a number of UPS modulators, including proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs). Here we identified TAK-243 (formerly known as MLN7243) as a potent, mechanism-based small-molecule inhibitor of the ubiquitin activating enzyme (UAE), the primary mammalian E1 enzyme that regulates the ubiquitin conjugation cascade. TAK-243 treatment caused depletion of cellular ubiquitin conjugates, resulting in disruption of signaling events, induction of proteotoxic stress, and impairment of cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair pathways. TAK-243 treatment caused death of cancer cells and, in primary human xenograft studies, demonstrated antitumor activity at tolerated doses. Due to its specificity and potency, TAK-243 allows for interrogation of ubiquitin biology and for assessment of UAE inhibition as a new approach for cancer treatment.

A small-molecule inhibitor of the ubiquitin activating enzyme for cancer treatment

Methylation is a well-known structural modification in organic and medicinal chemistry. This review summarizes recent advances in methylation by categorizing specific methylation reagents. The challenges of mono N-methylation of aliphatic amines and N-methylation of peptides are discussed. This review will be useful for chemists wanting to select the appropriate reagents for methylation chemistry. Based on the large diversity of methylation reagents and their wide scope, this review also broadens perspectives on which strategies to select for utilizing a particular methylation, resulting in an increased flexibility in synthetic route planning.

Recent Advances in Methylation: A Guide for Selecting Methylation Reagents

Discovery of orally active anticancer candidate CFI-400945 derived from biologically promising spirooxindoles: success and challenges.

Disclosed herein are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein the variables are defined herein. Also disclosed is the use of such compounds for inhibiting the G-protein coupled receptor referred to as chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 ('CRTH2') for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

Pgd2 receptor antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases

This article describes the discovery of a series of potent inhibitors of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Optimization of this benzolactam-derived chemical series produced an orally bioavailable inhibitor of PLK1 (12c, MLN0905). In vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic experiments demonstrated prolonged mitotic arrest after oral administration of 12c to tumor bearing nude mice. A subsequent efficacy study in nude mice achieved tumor growth inhibition or regression in a human colon tumor (HT29) xenograft model.

Discovery of a potent and orally bioavailable benzolactam-derived inhibitor of Polo-like kinase 1 (MLN0905).

The present invention provides compounds of general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X, n, Y, and R1 are defined generally and in subsets herein. Compounds of the invention are inhibitors of CCR2 and accordingly are useful for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases, disorders, or conditions.

Compounds useful as antagonists of ccr2

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a medicament for inhibiting CRTH2. SOLUTION: A compound represented by the structural formula inhibits the CRTH2 activities and PGD2 activities, and treats the inflammatory disorder and allergic condition mediated by the CRTH2 and/or the PGD2 by inhibiting them. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Pgd2 receptor antagonist for treatment of inflammatory disease

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Pgd2 receptor antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases

Discovery of a potent and orally bioavailable benzolactam-derived inhibitor of Polo-like kinase 1 (MLN0905).

Compounds useful as antagonists of ccr2

Pgd2 receptor antagonist for treatment of inflammatory disease