This article presents a constitutive approach to the study of organizational contradictions, dialectics, paradoxes, and tensions. In particular, it highlights five constitutive dimensions (i.e., discourse, developmental actions, socio-historical conditions, presence in multiples, and praxis) that appear across the literature in five metatheoretical traditions—process-based systems, structuration, critical, postmodern, and relational dialectics. In exploring these dimensions, it defines and distinguishes among key constructs, links research to process outcomes, and sets forth a typology of alternative ways of responding to organizational tensions. It concludes by challenging researchers to sharpen their focus on time in process studies, privilege emotion in relation to rationality, and explore the dialectic between order and disorder.

Contradictions, Dialectics, and Paradoxes in Organizations: A Constitutive Approach†

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of a structured, rigorous approach to collaborative qualitative analysis while attending to challenges associated with working in team environments. The method is rooted in qualitative data analysis literature related to thematic analysis, as well as the constant comparative method. It seeks to capitalize on the benefits of coordinating qualitative data analysis in groups, while controlling for some of the challenges introduced when working with multiple analysts. The method includes the following six phases: (a) preliminary organization and planning, (b) open and axial coding, (c) development of a preliminary codebook, (d) pilot testing the codebook, (e) the final coding process, and (f) reviewing the codebook and finalizing themes. These phases are supported by strategies to enhance trustworthiness, such as (a) peer debriefing, (b) researcher and data triangulation, (c) an audit trail and researcher journal, and (d) a search for negative cases.

A Practical Guide to Collaborative Qualitative Data Analysis

The authors have identified three areas that are central to the rationale for conducting a qualitative research project, yet which produce confusion and uncertainty for some psychologists trained in traditional research methods In this article, they consider how philosophy of science paradigms relate to the foundational rationale for qualitative inquiry and present suggestions for how researchers can formulate a statement of purpose and research questions that are congruent with an identified paradigm They examine the role of scholarly literature in two areas: those of developing a rationale and in enhancing the impact of qualitative research Examples from contemporary counseling psychology research are used to illustrate core concepts

Paradigms, Purpose, and the Role of the Literature Formulating a Rationale for Qualitative Investigations

The wide range of approaches to data analysis in qualitative research can seem daunting even for experienced researchers. This handbook is the first to provide a state-of-the art overview of the whole field of QDA; from general analytic strategies used in qualitative research, to approaches specific to particular types of qualitative data, including talk, text, sounds, images and virtual data. The handbook includes chapters on traditional analytic strategies such as grounded theory, content analysis, hermeneutics, phenomenology and narrative analysis, as well as coverage of newer trends like mixed methods, reanalysis and meta-analysis. Practical aspects such as sampling, transcription, working collaboratively, writing and implementation are given close attention, as are theory and theorization, reflexivity, and ethics. Written by a team of experts in qualitative research from around the world, this handbook is an essential compendium for all qualitative researchers and students across the social sciences.

/pdf/collaborative-analysis-of-qualitative-data-2aqhzkqxj6.pdf

Collaborative analysis of qualitative data

An individual's beliefs in relation to stress are likely to affect their perceptions, and hence their work-related actions (such as absenteeism). In this paper, lay representations of work stress were investigated utilising semi-structured interviews with 45 individuals from a range of occupations. The meaning of occupational stress, its antecedents and outcomes, and ways by which it may be managed were examined. Dominant factors were established through the use of thematic content analysis. Similarities and differences were found between lay and professional discourses on work stress. Results indicate that lay representations of occupational stress are multi-faceted. Little consensus was found in how participants interpreted the concept: a diverse range of personal, environmental, and societal factors was highlighted. A different (and arguably more complex) range of definitions of job stress and the manner in which it impacts on individuals was revealed than has been reported in previous studies...

Lay representations of workplace stress: What do people really mean when they say they are stressed?

Multidisciplinary research teams that include faculty, students, and volunteers can be challenging and enriching for all participants. Although such teams are becoming commonplace, minimal guidance is available about strategies to enhance team effectiveness. In this article, the authors highlight strategies to guide qualitative teamwork through coordination of team members and tasks based on mutual adjustment. Using a grounded theory exemplar, they focus on issues of (a) building the team, (b) developing reflexivity and theoretical sensitivity, (c) tackling analytic and methodological procedures, and (d) developing dissemination guidelines. Sharing information, articulating project goals and elements, acknowledging variation in individual goals, and engaging in reciprocity and respectful collaboration are key elements of mutual adjustment. The authors summarize conclusions about the costs and benefits of the process.

Qualitative Teamwork Issues and Strategies: Coordination Through Mutual Adjustment

This study used discourse analysis to explore the way in which employees understand work stress. Twenty-two female clerical workers in a Canadian city participated in focus group meetings where they talked about and made sense of their experiences of work stress. The women's accounts were analysed using discourse analysis methods (i.e. an examination of how talk is constructed). The findings revealed that talking about being stressed provides a socially acceptable way of expressing discomfort and regaining a sense of importance that is lost through feeling under-valued and under-appreciated in the organization. In contrast, admitting to being unable to cope with stress was considered to be ‘abnormal’. The stress discourse fosters a sense of helplessness and ambiguity by not acknowledging external influences on clerical workers’ experiences, such as their place within the power structure of the organization, and by limiting their sense of agency and control over problems experienced at work. The i...

Talking about work stress: Discourse analysis and implications for stress interventions

Our aim was to explain how female clerical workers manage work-related distress, using a feminist grounded theory method. Thirty-seven interviews were conducted with 24 female clerical workers. They engage in the process of gauging visibility to manage a recognition-vulnerability paradox. To gauge visibility, they take the lay of the land by attending to threats, resources, and supports within withering or flourishing work conditions. When distressing events occur, they select tactics of taking it in, taking it on, or letting it go, which are influenced by the quality of their work conditions. Their efforts to manage distress affect their workplace visibility, potentially enhancing their recognition or exacerbating their vulnerability. Gauging visibility can either diminish or enhance employees' health and well-being. Our findings emphasize social processes and structural conditions, shift attention to organization-wide efforts to alter workplace conditions, and suggest initiatives that enhance employees' opportunities for recognition, safety, and collective actions.

Gauging Visibility: How Female Clerical Workers Manage Work-Related Distress

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Qualitative Teamwork Issues and Strategies: Coordination Through Mutual Adjustment

Talking about work stress: Discourse analysis and implications for stress interventions

Gauging Visibility: How Female Clerical Workers Manage Work-Related Distress