This paper presents the case for a change from the current practice of anonymity and secrecy in the use of donated gametes in medically assisted conception. It does so by describing history of the practice, various committees of enquiry over the years, their recommendations for consideration of the children created and the need for follow-up of the outcome; presenting the evidence from outcome studies both about child development and family relationships where secrecy is maintained about the child's origin and those where the practice is openly to acknowledge their origins. This is followed by an analysis of the experience and views of these children once they are adults. In discussion of the composite findings recurring themes emerge. From this it is concluded that offspring from donated gametes should not continue to be denied knowledge of their origins and antecedents. In the public debate, four schools of thought are identified. Possible practical scenarios to implement change are discussed. This paper argues that the fundamental issue regarding any of these remains-that priority in decision-making should be the lifelong well-being of the children being created.

Gamete donation and anonymity Should offspring from donated gametes continue to be denied knowledge of their origins and antecedents

The authors review the current research in social entrepreneurship and sustainability, and propose a process model to link these two constructs. Social entrepreneurship, as a business philosophy, moves beyond social, economic, and environmental efficiency and shifts toward effectiveness, thereby contributing to business sustainability. External and internal factors that influence social entrepreneurship are also examined.

Linking Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainability

Numerous recent field and laboratory experiments find that elections cause higher subsequent levels of collective action within groups. This article questions whether effects observed in these novel environments apply when traditional institutions are democratized. The authors test the external validity of the experimental findings by examining the effects of introducing elections in an indigenous institution in Liberia. They use a break in the process of selecting clan chiefs at the end of Liberia’s civil wars to identify the effects of elections on collective action within communities. Drawing on survey data and outcomes from behavioral games, the authors find that the introduction of elections for clan chiefs has little effect on community-level and national-level political participation but that it increases contentious collective action and lowers levels of contributions to public goods. These findings provide an important counterpoint to the experimental literature, suggesting that elections have less salutary effects on collective action when they replace customary practices.

/pdf/elections-and-collective-action-evidence-from-changes-in-q9nb353g73.pdf

Elections and Collective Action: Evidence from Changes in Traditional Institutions in Liberia

For decades in North America and Australia, Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their homes and placed in boarding schools. These schools had the stated goal of cultural assimilation and are perceived as educational failures. I offer the first causal evidence on the long-run effects of these schools. I identify these effects using the interaction of changes in Canadian national policy and regional variation in the power of the Catholic Church. I find that the average boarding school had substantial effects on both cultural and economic assimilation. However, I find suggestive evidence this is not true for highly abusive schools.

/pdf/the-long-term-effects-of-forcible-assimilation-policy-the-4ki4k0u7jv.pdf

The long‐term effects of forcible assimilation policy: The case of Indian boarding schools

Onset and pre-onset studies to define the Huntington's disease natural history.

SUBTITLE: SOUTHWEST AIRLINES HAS REACHED A CROSSROADS IN ITS STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT: CAN IT GROW ITS OPERATIONS AND PROFITS AT THE SAME TIME?

Proceed with care

SUBTITLE: THE MAJOR ALLIANCE GROUPS ARE EACH TAKING DIFFERENT APPROACHES AS THEY TRY TO BALANCE THE NEED FOR IT INTEGRATION AGAINST POTENTIAL DIVORCE.

Where's the glue?

WHO Global Position Paper and Implementation Strategy on kangaroo mother care call for fundamental reorganisation of maternal–infant care

SUBTITLE: AS DEMAND FOR EXPRESS PRODUCTS CONTINUES TO GROW IN OVERSEAS MARKETS, UNITED PARCEL SERVICE HAS CAREFULLY TAILORED ITS INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS TO SUIT EACH REGION AND IS WILLING TO TAKE A LONG-TERM VIEW IN WAITING FOR THE REWARDS.

Brown is beautiful

Prioritize hiring women for entomology jobs

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