Monolithic zirconia restoration is an acceptable treatment option in restorative dentistry and a developing trend in esthetic dentistry. Digital dentistry has simplified fabrication of monolithic zirconia restorations. Zirconia ceramic has introduced an opportunity to achieve both esthetic and mechanical requirements for restorations. This is rarely found for a ceramic in dentistry. Monolithic zirconia restorations represent an acceptable durability, comparable to metal-ceramic restorations, while they are superior to metal-ceramic restorations esthetically; however, difficulties to gain an optimal shade reproduction and a color match with monolithic zirconia restorations still remain. The color of these restorations may be influenced by manufacturing processes, laboratory procedures, and clinical factors. Manufacturing processes determine basic optical properties of zirconia ceramics. Different laboratory procedures may create optical changes in zirconia ceramics. Also clinical factors such as dental background, cement, and zirconia restoration features may affect the resulting color. This literature review aimed to discuss potent factors in the color of monolithic zirconia restorations. An electronic search of the PubMed/Google Scholar database was performed to find related English-language articles published between January 1, 2000, and October 31, 2017. The key terms of background, cement, ceramic, color, esthetics, shade, spectrophotometry, thickness, translucency, and zirconia were used both individually and simultaneously. Also, a manual search was conducted, and five classic articles of color science were added. Thus 192 articles were included. In the last decade, shade reproduction of monolithic zirconia restorations has been highly regarded; however, further improvements are required in the manufacturing process to produce tooth-like zirconia ceramics. An esthetic guideline named background-cement-ceramic color harmony was suggested in this study; however, more clinical practice guidelines should be established for monolithic zirconia restorations on esthetics, and therefore, more studies are required.

Color Aspect of Monolithic Zirconia Restorations: A Review of the Literature.

Substrate masking ability of bilayer and monolithic ceramics used for complete crowns and the effect of association with an opaque resin-based luting agent

Statement of problem Achieving excellent esthetics with monolithic zirconia restorations is challenging, and the impact of monolithic zirconia thickness on the final color is unclear. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of thickness of monolithic zirconia ceramic on its final color and to define the minimum thickness needed to gain an acceptable final color. Material and methods Sixty monolithic zirconia disk specimens with a 10-mm diameter and 3 different thicknesses (0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 mm) were fabricated from 2 zirconia brands. The specimens were divided into 6 groups of 10 based on the thickness and brand. All the specimens were colored with an A2 shade liquid. The specimens were placed on an A4 shade substrate, and their CIELab values were measured with a spectrophotometer. ΔE values were calculated to determine color differences between the specimens and the A2 VITA classical shade tab. The ΔE values were compared with an acceptability threshold (ΔE=3.3). Two-way ANOVA, the Bonferroni test, and 1-sample t test were used to analyze data (α=.05). Results Mean ΔE values ranged between 2.4 and 4.1. The zirconia thickness affected the ΔE ( P P =.059). The mean ΔE values for the zirconia thickness of 0.7 mm for both brands were more than the threshold ( P Conclusions The thickness of monolithic zirconia ceramic affected its final color. The minimum thickness of a monolithic zirconia ceramic should be 0.9 mm to gain the acceptable final color.

Effect of thickness of monolithic zirconia ceramic on final color

The aim of the study was to compare the translucency of CAD/CAM and printable composite materials for fixed dental prostheses (FDP). Eight A3 composite materials (7 CAD/CAM and 1 printable) for FPD were used to prepare a total of 150 specimens. CAD/CAM materials, all characterized by two different opacity levels, were: Tetric CAD (TEC) HT/MT; Shofu Block HC (SB) HT/LT; Cerasmart (CS) HT/LT; Brilliant Crios (BC) HT/LT; Grandio Bloc (GB) HT/LT; Lava Ultimate (LU) HT/LT, Katana Avencia (KAT) LT/OP. The printable system was Permanent Crown Resin. 1.0 mm-thick specimens were cut from commercial CAD/CAM blocks using a water-cooled diamond saw, or 3D printed. Measurements were performed using a benchtop spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. Contrast Ratio (CR), Translucency Parameter (TP), and Translucency Parameter 00 (TP00) were calculated. One Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test for post hoc were performed for each of the translucency system. The tested materials exhibited a wide range of translucency values. CR ranged from 59 to 84, TP from 15.75 to 8.96, TP00 from 12.47 to 6.31. KAT(OP) and CS(HT) showed, respectively, the lowest and highest translucency for CR, TP and TP00. Due to the significant range of reported translucency values, clinicians should exercise caution when choosing the most appropriate material, especially considering factors such as substrate masking, and the necessary clinical thickness.

/pdf/translucency-of-cad-cam-and-3d-printable-composite-materials-2crwddkp.pdf

Translucency of CAD/CAM and 3D Printable Composite Materials for Permanent Dental Restorations

Influence of background color on color perception in dentistry.

Clinical Relevance Bilayer ceramic systems are viable options for challenging clinical situations where discolored teeth or metal abutments need to be masked. Although the monolithic lithium disilicate seems to be able to mask a C4-shaded substrate, thinner bilayer structures showed similar results.

Masking Colored Substrates Using Monolithic and Bilayer CAD-CAM Ceramic Structures.

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Masking Colored Substrates Using Monolithic and Bilayer CAD-CAM Ceramic Structures.