. The LAPBIAT measurement campaign took place in the Varrio SMEAR I measurement station located in Eastern Lapland in the spring of 2003 between 26 April and 11 May. In this paper we describe the measurement campaign, concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles, air ions and trace gases, paying special attention to an aerosol particle formation event broken by a air mass change from a clean Arctic air mass with new particle formation to polluted one approaching from industrial areas of Kola Peninsula, Russia, lacking new particle formation. Aerosol particle number flux measurements show strong downward fluxes during that time. Concentrations of coarse aerosol particles were high for 1–2 days before the nucleation event (i.e. 28–29 April), very low immediately before and during the observed aerosol particle formation event (30 April) and increased moderately from the moment of sudden break of the event. In general particle deposition measurements based on snow samples show the same changes. Measurements of the mobility distribution of air ions showed elevated concentrations of intermediate air ions during the particle formation event. We estimated the growth rates in the nucleation mode size range. For particles

/pdf/concentrations-and-fluxes-of-aerosol-particles-during-the-171tgr55au.pdf

Concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles during the LAPBIAT measurement campaign at Värriö field station

Pb-210 and fly ash particles in ombrotrophic peat bogs as indicators of industrial emissions.

A case study to determine wet deposition near a250 MW coal-fired power station unit on the southcoast of Finland was carried out during a wintertimeprecipitation event. In addition to intensivemeteorological observations, the experimental part ofthe study included the collection of 28 depositionsamples within 10 km of the power station andmeasurements of sulphur dioxide in the air at twoplaces, one inside and the other outside the downwindsector. Model estimates of the wet deposition patternwere also made, assuming a Gaussian shape and agradual rise for the plume and taking into accountinclined fall trajectories of snowflakes through the plume.By comparing the model results with the chemicalanalysis outcomes, it was inferred that for sulphuremissions in wet snowfall within the first 10 km fromthe source, the precipitation scavenging coefficientwas probably of the order of 10-6 s-1 orless. This implies that the percentage of emittedsulphur being scavenged in the study area was about0.7% at most. Although the observed decreases ofacidity from the mean pH-value of 4.1 occurred only indeposition samples on the leeward side of the powerstation, no significant effects of alkaline fly ashcould be confirmed. On the other hand, the modelestimates do suggest that the sulphur and particularlythe hydrochloride emissions may have added to theacidity of snow at downwind distances of 1–5 km fromthe source, but chiefly in a narrow sector whichremained between the collectors.

Removal by Snowfall of Emissions from a Coal-Fired Power Station: Observations and Modelling

Solid precipitation represents a potentially important addition to other measures of deposition. However, an accurate estimate of snowfall amount and pollutant loading is not a trivial matter. Ther...

Conditions controlling atmospheric pollutant deposition via snowpack

Concentration of spherical particles in oil shale fly ash and their deposition onto areas surrounding Narva power plants and far (background) sites in South-eastern Estonia was studied. It was found that due to their relatively low background values, spherical particles are more sensitive indicators of oil shale combustion emissions than chemical components, especially calcium, of oilshale ash. As the concentration of spherical particles in fly ash was determined to be highly variable depending on combustion technologies and regimes, their use for quantitative tracing is complicated in practice. The same variability, however, leaves us a chance to refine the backward-tracing methods for fly ash, distinguishing different types of combustion devices by their source signatures. It was found that wintertime (snow-based) field campaigns are preferred to the warm season (based on rainwater sampling) ones owing to their relatively lower background concentrations, but both campaigns are needed to quantify yearly influxes of fly ash to the ecosystems.

/pdf/spherical-fly-ash-particles-from-oil-shale-fired-power-2cvqkfc3ry.pdf

Spherical fly ash particles from oil shale fired power plants in atmospheric precipitations. possibilities of quantitative tracing

Snow samples from 18 sites in Estonia were collected in February and March 1996 after 72–110 days of permanent snow cover. Three snow layers corresponding to different snow accumulation periods were separated in each sampling site. Snow water samples were analysed for sulphate (SO4
2-), nitrate (NO3
-), and chloride (Cl-) ions and elemental composition. Deposition fluxes of 27 chemical species were used for factor, cluster and correlation analysis. The effects of cement dust, oil shale fly ash, sulphur dioxide and chlorine from emissions of thermal power plants were distinguished. A large number of trace metals are strongly correlated with each other (R > 0.8) and with macro-components (except NO3
-), which refers to a common origin, identified as the mineral part of oil shale. Deposition fluxes of Ca, Mg, SO4
2- and a number of mineral components exceed near the power plants 1–2 decimal orders the background value. The deposition fluxes in forested sites are up to 2 times higher than in open land sites. This difference may be caused by more efficient turbulent transfer over rougher surface. It is suggested, that NO3
- and Zn originate mainly and Pb, Cd and Cu partially from non-local or diffuse sources (traffic, domestic heating, far transport). The results of this research could be used to evaluate the air pollution deposition models and for ecological impact estimations.

Elemental and Base Anions Deposition in the Snow Cover of North-Eastern Estonia

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Elemental and Base Anions Deposition in the Snow Cover of North-Eastern Estonia