Carotenoids from microalgae: A review of recent developments.

Hen egg is a unique and important carrier of lipid soluble bioactive carotenoids – lutein and zeaxanthin. Egg yolk carotenoid profile is largely dependent on hen’s feed composition. Naturally, lutein and zeaxanthin are polar carotenoids primarily deposited in human retina and provide several protective functions, i.e. protect the macula from damage by blue light, improve visual acuity, and scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. They have also been linked with reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s, and possibly different cancers. This review summarizes the latest data on content and composition of hen egg carotenoids, effect of processing, feeding systems, feed additives, bioavailability, and physiological effect of egg carotenoids on human health issues.

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19476337.2016.1266033

Hen egg carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and nutritional impacts on human health: a review

Application of an LC–UV method to estimate lutein recovery during infant formula manufacture

Lutein and zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids found in plant and animal foods. They play significant roles in human health, particularly the health of eyes, and are linked with reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts. Egg yolk is a recognized source of highly bioavailable lutein and zeaxanthin which could boost the daily intake of these carotenoids especially with the availability of lutein- or zeaxanthin-enriched eggs. This chapter summarizes the latest data on carotenoids in eggs and their changes during cooking and processing. It also discusses the profile of carotenoids in eggs as determined by the diet consumed by hens. The potential use of the carotenoid profile to help verify the authenticity of organic eggs is highlighted. An overview of analysis, bioavailability, and health benefits of egg carotenoids is also provided.

Lutein and Zeaxanthin Carotenoids in Eggs

............................................................................................................................... i Co-Authorship Statement................................................................................................... iii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... v Table of

/pdf/investigation-of-lutein-production-and-recovery-from-2vmllbxuqv.pdf

Investigation of lutein production and recovery from Chlorella vulgaris using phototrophic cultivation

Lutein is an antioxidant that is deposited in the macular region of the eye and is crucial to macular function. Lutein is present in human milk and recently has been added to infant and toddler formulas. A method for the extraction and quantification of lutein from lutein-fortified infant formula and toddler milk products was developed. The lipids and carotenoids were extracted from the samples with ethanol and hexane:tetrahydrofuran. Polar xanthophylls were ex-tracted from the organic mixture with ethanol:water, leaving behind lipids and less polar carotenoids. The ethanol:water extracts were dried, reconstituted in mobile phase, and the lutein was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. A C30 carotenoid column and a mobile phase gradient of methyl-tert-butyl ether and methanol were used for the chromatographic separation. Validation data showed repeatability with relative stan-dard deviations < 4% and intermediate precision with relative standard deviations <20% at a low fortification level, 25 mcg lutein/L, and <12% at a high fortification level, 200 mcg lutein/L. Overall recoveries from sample matrix ranged from 88% to 106%. This liquid:liquid extraction method for the quantification of lutein in infant formulas is precise and accurate. Keywords: Lutein; carotenoid; infant formula; toddler milk; xanthophylls.

/pdf/a-method-for-the-measurement-of-lutein-in-infant-formula-3g9s88m8dv.pdf

A Method for the Measurement of Lutein in Infant Formula

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A Method for the Measurement of Lutein in Infant Formula