Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the accomplishments in peanut breeding and genetics. The chapter discusses the diversity of peanut. Successful cultivar development requires genetic variability for exploitation. Systematic germ plasm collections, particularly of A. hypogaea, have been made by several national organizations and by the International Center for Research in the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in Hyderabad, India. One system of DNA delivery for peanut genetic transformation includes infection by wild-type strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Genetic studies have been conducted to determine the inheritance of many traits in the peanut, particularly those with economic value. Many economically important traits in peanut are quantitatively inherited. Many techniques have been used to improve the efficiency of peanut breeding. The chapter presents various breeding programs—namely, mass selection, pedigree method, back-cross method, single seed descent method, recurrent selection, and complex crosses. A second component focuses on the need for farming practices to sustain environmental quality, so that productive farming will continue and the quality of the environment for nonagricultural purposes will not be degraded.

Peanut Breeding and Genetics

Data from Oklahoma peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) performance tests from 1969 through 1978 were used to estimate genotype X environment interaction variance components for pod yield, %TSMK, % SS, % OK, and gross return per unit area. The objectives of this study were to determine if it would be advantageous to select cultivars for specific regions, and to determine the most efficient combination of years, locations, and replications to use when evaluating peanut lines. Evidence was obtained that genotypes perform consistently between irrigated and nonirrigated locations for the traits studied. The variance of the difference between two cultivars or lines was calculated for % TSMK, pod yield, and gross return using various combinations of years, locations, and replications. Results indicate that, when testing for gross return, the time presently allotted for testing could be reduced without sacrificing accuracy.

Genotype X Environment Interaction Among Peanut Lines in Oklahoma1

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Genotype X Environment Interaction Among Peanut Lines in Oklahoma1