Since microorganisms are evolving rapidly, there is a growing need for a new, fast, and precise technique to analyse blood samples and distinguish healthy from pathological samples. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can provide information related to the biochemical composition and how it changes when a pathological state arises. FTIR spectroscopy has undergone rapid development over the last decades with a promise of easier, faster, and more impartial diagnoses within the biomedical field. However, thus far only a limited number of studies have addressed the use of FTIR spectroscopy in this field. This paper describes the main concepts related to FTIR and presents the latest research focusing on FTIR spectroscopy technology and its integration in lab-on-a-chip devices and their applications in the biological field. This review presents the potential use of FTIR to distinguish between healthy and pathological samples, with examples of early cancer detection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection, and routine blood analysis, among others. Finally, the study also reflects on the features of FTIR technology that can be applied in a lab-on-a-chip format and further developed for small healthcare devices that can be used for point-of-care monitoring purposes. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other published study has reviewed these topics. Therefore, this analysis and its results will fill this research gap.

/pdf/fourier-transform-infrared-ftir-spectroscopy-to-analyse-2mw2ejny.pdf

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy to Analyse Human Blood over the Last 20 Years: A Review towards Lab-on-a-Chip Devices

1. The properties of plastics make them highly useful for various purposes in modern life. But the impact of waste produced from the same is raising serious environmental concerns because most of the plastic in use are non-biodegradable. Though there are attempts to develop plastics that are eco-friendly, the production of the same is in the initial stages only. There is thus an urgent need for efficient methods for retrieval and reprocessing of different plastic types from the domestic and industrial waste to be recycled for further use. This review focuses on four major spectroscopic methods, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Laser Induced Fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF), and Raman spectroscopy, highly suitable for the plastic identification and sorting because of their speed, specificity and need of only minimal human involvement for routine use. The present status of the application of these spectroscopic methods and their scope in developing an industry-oriented plastic sorting system for recycling of plastic waste is discussed. 

Spectroscopy: A Promising Tool for Plastic Waste Management

Abstract The success of high-power fiber lasers is fueled by maturation of active and passive fibers, combined with the availability of high-power fiber-based components. In this contribution, we first overview the enormous potential of rare-earth doped fibers in spectral coverage and recent developments of key fiber-based components employed in high-power laser systems. Subsequently, the emerging functional active and passive fibers in recent years, which exhibit tremendous advantages in balancing or mitigating parasitic nonlinearities hindering high-power transmission, are outlined from the perspectives of geometric and material engineering. Finally, novel functional applications of conventional fiber-based components for nonlinear suppression or spatial mode selection, and correspondingly, the high-power progress of function fiber-based components in power handling are introduced, which suggest more flexible controllability on high-power laser operations. Graphical abstract 

/pdf/functional-fibers-and-functional-fiber-based-components-for-2oczlk6r.pdf

Functional Fibers and Functional Fiber-Based Components for High-Power Lasers

Research Progress on On-Chip Fourier Transform Spectrometer

Miniaturized NIR instruments have been increasingly used in the last years, and they have become useful tools for many applications on a broad variety of samples. This review focuses on miniaturized NIR instruments from an analytical point of view, to give an overview of the analytical strategies used in order to help the reader to set up their own analytical methods, from the sampling to the data analysis. It highlights the uses of these instruments, providing a critical discussion including current and future trends.

Analytical Chemistry Strategies in the Use of Miniaturised NIR Instruments: An Overview.

Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS), mostly working in infrared (IR) or near infrared (NIR) range, provide a variety of chemical or material analysis with high sensitivity and accuracy and are widely used in public safety, environmental monitoring and national border security, such as explosive detection. However, because of being bulky and expensive, they are usually used in test centers and research laboratories. Miniaturized FTS have been developed rapidly in recent years, due to the increasing demands. Using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) micromirrors to replace the movable mirror in a conventional FTS system becomes a new realm. This paper first introduces the principles and common applications of conventional FTS, and then reviews various MEMS based FTS devices.

Review of MEMS Based Fourier Transform Spectrometers.

We demonstrate two critical rules of designing photonic lanterns for applications in adaptive spatial mode control: (1) optimized input fiber arrangements to effectively control modes; (2) appropriate input fiber core-cladding ratio to expand the optional range of the output fiber. The 3×1 and 5×1 photonic lanterns according to above design requirements have been fabricated. Using stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm, the phases of the inputs are actively modulated to stabilize the output of novel 5×1 photonic lantern with 30/125 µm output fiber. When the control target is the fundamental mode, the M2 factor of output beam is below 1.2 stably, which will provide a possible technical solution to increase the mode instability threshold in large mode area fiber laser systems. Furthermore, we obtain single orbital angular momentum mode (OAM0
1 or OAM0
2 mode) and high order linearly polarized mode (LP11 or LP21 mode) with the purity of the corresponding modes over 0.85 by altering evaluation function, which will be of benefit in optical communication and atomic optics.

Spatial mode control based on photonic lanterns

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Review of MEMS Based Fourier Transform Spectrometers.

Spatial mode control based on photonic lanterns