Altran Praxis has used formal methods within its high integrity development approach, Correctness by Construction (CbyC), for a number of years. The Tokeneer ID Station (TIS) developed for the US National Security Agency (NSA) is one example of a development using formal methods and the CbyC approach. This project used a number of rigorous techniques including formalisation of the specification using the Z Notation, refinement of the specification to a formal design, software development in SPARK with proof of absence of run-time errors of the software and proof of system properties. The project has stood up well to the intense scrutiny it has been subject to since it became available to the wider community in 2008, with only five errors being found. Despite the general success of the approach there are challenges to using formal methods in an industrial context. By looking at a number of key properties that affect the success of deployment of tools and techniques in industry we attempt to put the challenges of industrial deployment of formal methods into perspective.

/pdf/project-deploy-grant-agreement-214158-industrial-deployment-3n4cp84t16.pdf

Project DEPLOY Grant Agreement 214158 "Industrial deployment of advanced system engineering methods for high productivity and dependability"

Which Software Cost Estimation Model to Choose in a Particular Project

Among researchers and practitioners, there are disputations about whether, where, and to which degree formal methods worth their cost. Based on our experiences of industrial software projects over the last years, we develop an empirical approach of partially introducing formal methods into object-oriented software development. Once an initial architecture design is available, object-oriented metrics can be useful criteria for selecting core parts of software systems for formal treatment. Case studies of the application of our approach show that partially adopting formal methods could achieve a satisfying balance between investment and product quality in a cost-effective way.

Partially introducing formal methods into object-oriented development : Case studies using a metrics-driven approach

Partially introducing formal methods into object-oriented development: case studies using a metrics-driven approach

Military software supportability increasingly becomes a key factor of equipment system supportability, and the proportion of software support cost in the system is rising significantly Based on the analysis of the processes of supportability design and implementation, the paper proposes several effective methods for estimating software costs in the different stages and aspects, and constructs a general-purpose cost estimation model for military software support Case studies on real-world projects demonstrate the feasibility and rationality of the model

A cost estimation model for OEM based military software support

Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) series of models are widely used for estimation of informal software development effort. To meet the need for estimating size and cost of projects developed with the B-Method, we extend the sub-models of COCOMO II by introducing specification-based size metrics, adjusting relevant coefficients, and narrowing the value ranges of certain cost drivers. Our work is intended to serve as a start point for a general cost model for formal software development processes.

/pdf/an-extension-of-cocomo-ii-for-the-b-method-3fh5t2cv4c.pdf

An extension of COCOMO II for the B-Method

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An extension of COCOMO II for the B-Method