This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-cost, general-purpose real-time simulation platform for a Modular Multilevel Converter - H-bridge (MMC-H) DC transformer, using a model design method. The approach mainly consists of two steps: a) establishing an equivalent mathematical model of the MMC-H topology, and on this basis, using the semi-implicit Euler method to derive the discretized updating model of the MMC-H state variables and b) using a hardware description language (HDL) coding tool to convert the fixed-point updating model into an equivalent HDL form. The above two-step method allows the flexible selection of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chips according to the circuit scale, and does not rely on manual HDL coding. The accuracy and performance of the real-time simulation platform are verified against matching MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental results. Finally, by comparing the hardware resource consumption of circuits of different scales on different FPGA computing platforms, the low-cost characteristics and versatility of the designed real-time simulation platform are verified.

Design and FPGA Implementation of a Real-time Simulation Platform for an MMC-H DC Transformer

This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-cost, general-purpose real-time simulation platform for a Modular Multilevel Converter - H-bridge (MMC-H) DC transformer, using a model design method. The approach mainly consists of two steps: a) establishing an equivalent mathematical model of the MMC-H topology, and on this basis, using the semi-implicit Euler method to derive the discretized updating model of the MMC-H state variables and b) using a hardware description language (HDL) coding tool to convert the fixed-point updating model into an equivalent HDL form. The above two-step method allows the flexible selection of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chips according to the circuit scale, and does not rely on manual HDL coding. The accuracy and performance of the real-time simulation platform are verified against matching MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental results. Finally, by comparing the hardware resource consumption of circuits of different scales on different FPGA computing platforms, the low-cost characteristics and versatility of the designed real-time simulation platform are verified. 

the traditional equivalent method is based on the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) steady state, without considering the half-bridge sub-module blocking, but in the electromagnetic transient simulation, when the module multilevel Converter is in the start-up phase or fails, there are many sub-modules in the blocked state. When the half-bridge sub-module is blocked, the current direction of the bridge arm will change frequently. Due to the improper simulation of the diode interpolation, the bridge arm current has a distortion point, resulting in low simulation accuracy and poor effect. This paper proposes an improved modular multilevel converter equivalent method based on Thevenin’s equivalent, which is different from the traditional bridge arm equivalent method which only considers the normal working state of the system. Moreover, when the half-bridge sub-module is in the locked condition, the diodes embedded in the PSCAD simulation software are used for modeling, so that the problem of diode numerical interpolation is effectively solved, thereby improving the precision of the simulation waveform and the speed-up effect is obvious.

Improved Modular Multilevel Converter Equivalent Method based on Thévenin’s equivalent

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Improved Modular Multilevel Converter Equivalent Method based on Thévenin’s equivalent