Recent developments in the use of metal oxides for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants in water—a review

Clean water resources are essential to our human society. Oil leakage has caused water contamination, which leads to serious shortage of clean water, environmental deterioration, and even increasing number of deaths. It is of great urgency to solve the oil-polluted water problems worldwide. Efficient oil/water separation, especially emulsified oil/water mixture separation, is widely used to mitigate water pollution issues. Recently, advanced materials with special wettability have been employed for oily wastewater remediation. Moreover, by endowing them with various intelligent functions, smart materials can effectively separate complex oil/water mixtures including extremely stable emulsions. In this review, oil/water separation mechanisms and various fabrication methods of special wettability separation materials are summarized. We highlight the special wettable materials with intelligent functions, including photocatalytic, self-healing, and switchable oil/water separation materials, which can achieve self-cleaning, self-healing, and efficient oily wastewater treatment. In each section, the acting mechanisms, fabricating technologies, representative studies, and separation efficiency are briefly introduced. Lastly, the challenges and outlook for oil/water separation based on the special wettability materials are discussed.

Advanced Materials with Special Wettability toward Intelligent Oily Wastewater Remediation.

Efficient photocatalytic reduction of aqueous Cr (VI) by Zr4+ doped and polyaniline coupled SnS2 nanoflakes

Robust superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic membrane optimized by Cu doping modified metal-organic frameworks for oil-water separation and water purification

Recent developments of organic solvent resistant materials for membrane separations

Robust superhydrophobic mesh coated by PANI/TiO2 nanoclusters for oil/water separation with high flux, self-cleaning, photodegradation and anti-corrosion

Hydroxysafflor yellow A regulates lymphangiogenesis and inflammation via the inhibition of PI3K on regulating AKT/mTOR and NF-κB pathway in macrophages to reduce atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.

Peripheral biomarkers are increasingly vital non-invasive methods for monitoring coronary artery disease (CAD) progression. Their superiority in early detection, prognosis evaluation and classified diagnosis is becoming irreplaceable. Nevertheless, they are still less explored. This study aimed to determine and validate the diagnostic and therapeutic values of differentially expressed immune-related genes (DE-IRGs) in CAD.We downloaded clinical information and RNA sequence data from the GEO database. We used R software, GO, KEGG and Cytoscape to analyze and visualize the data. A LASSO method was conducted to identify key genes for diagnostic model construction. The ssGSEA analysis was used to investigate the differential immune cell infiltration. Besides, we constructed CAD mouse model (low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient mice with high fat diet) to discover the correlation between the screened genes and severe CAD progress. We further uncovered the role of IL13RA1 might play in atherosclerosis.A total of 762 differential genes were identified between the peripheral blood of 218 controls and 199 CAD patients, which were significantly associated with infection, immune response and neural activity. 58 DE-IRGs were obtained by overlapping the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) and immune-related genes downloaded from ImmpDb database. Through LASSO regression, CCR9, CER1, CSF2, IL13RA1, INSL5, MBL2, MMP9, MSR1, NTS, TNFRSF19, CXCL2, HTR3C, IL1A, and NR4A2 were distinguished as peripheral biomarkers of CAD with eligible diagnostic capabilities in the training set (AUC = 0.968) and test set (AUC = 0.859). The ssGSEA analysis showed that the peripheral immune cells had characteristic distribution in CAD and also close relationship with specific DE-IRGs. RT-qPCR test showed that CCR9, CSF2, IL13RA1, and NTS had a significant correlation with LDLR-/- mice. IL13RA1 knocked down in RAW264.7 cell lines decreased SCARB1 and ox-LDL-stimulated CD36 mRNA expression, TGF-β, VEGF-C and α-SMA protein levels and increased the production of IL-6, with downregulation of JAK1/STAT3 signal pathway.We constructed a diagnostic model of advanced-stage CAD based on the screened 14 DE-IRGs. We verified 4 genes of them to have a strong correlation with CAD, and IL13RA1 might participate in the inflammation, fibrosis, and cholesterol efflux process of atherosclerosis by regulating JAK1/STAT3 pathway. 

/pdf/identification-of-diagnostic-biomarkers-and-therapeutic-fvmfxd13.pdf

Identification of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in peripheral immune landscape from coronary artery disease

Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the main active compound of Astragalus membranaceus. In this study, we investigated whether AS-IV could attenuate atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in LDLR−/−mice and its potential mechanisms. After 12 weeks of high fat diet, the LDLR−/−mice were randomly divided into four groups. Then, the mice were administrated with 0.9% saline or AS-IV (10 mg/kg) or atorvastatin (1.3 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Serum lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA, hepatic TC and TG by colorimetric enzymatic kits, gene expression by RT-qPCR, plaque sizes by H&E staining, Oil Red O, liver pathology by H&E staining, collagen content by Masson, α-SMA, caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 production by immunofluorescence staining. MAPK/NF-κB pathway and inflammation related proteins were detected by Western Blot. The results showed that AS-IV decreased the levels of serum lipids, reduced plaque area and increased plaque stability in HFD-induced LDLR−/− mice. AS-IV also decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, aortas and liver tissue, and NF-κB p65 in aortic roots. The phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB, and inflammatory proteins (iNOS, VCAM-1and IL-6) was inhibited in AS-IV-treated group. In summary, AS-IV inhibited inflammation to attenuate atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis via MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in LDLR−/− mice.

/pdf/astragaloside-iv-relieves-atherosclerosis-and-hepatic-132fa45w.pdf

Astragaloside IV Relieves Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Steatosis via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in LDLR−/− Mice

Tea has long been valued for its health benefits, especially its potential to prevent and treat atherosclerosis (AS). Abnormal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are major factors that contribute to the development of AS. Tea, which originated in China, is believed to help prevent AS. Research has shown that tea is rich in catechins, which is considered a potential source of natural antioxidants. Catechins are the most abundant antioxidants in green tea, and are considered to be the main compound responsible for tea’s antioxidant activity. The antioxidant properties of catechins are largely dependent on the structure of molecules, and the number and location of hydroxyl groups or their substituents. As an exogenous antioxidant, catechins can effectively eliminate lipid peroxidation products. They can also play an antioxidant role indirectly by activating the endogenous antioxidant system by regulating enzyme activity and signaling pathways. In this review, we summarized the preventive effect of catechin in AS, and emphasized that improving the antioxidant effect and lipid metabolism disorders of catechins is the key to managing AS.

Catechins: Protective mechanism of antioxidant stress in atherosclerosis

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