The Frasnian/Famennian boundary interval in the South Polish-Moravian shelf basins: integrated event-stratigraphical approach

Acritarch biostratigraphy of the Lower Cambrian and the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary in southeastern Poland

[1] The large-scale POLONAISE'97 seismic experiment investigated the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in the Trans-European suture zone (TESZ) region between the Precambrian east European craton (EEC) and Paleozoic platform that comprises terranes added during the Caledonian and Variscan orogenies (530–370 and 370–225 Ma, respectively). This experiment included 64 shots recorded by 613 seismic stations during two deployments. Very good quality data were recorded along five profiles, and the longest and most important one (P4) is the focus of this paper. Clear first arrivals and later phases of waves reflected/refracted in the crust and Moho were interpreted using two-dimensional (2-D) tomographic inversion and ray-tracing techniques. The crustal thickness along the profile varies from 30–35 km in the Paleozoic platform area to ∼40 km below and due northeast of the TESZ, to ∼43 km in the Polish part of the EEC, and to ∼50 km in Lithuania. The Paleozoic platform and EEC are divided by the Polish basin, so the upper crustal structure varies considerably. In the area of the Polish basin, the P wave velocity is very low (VP < 6.1 km/s) down to depths of 15–20 km, indicating that a very thick sedimentary sequence is present. We suggest two possible tectonic interpretations of the velocity models: (1) Baltica indented Avalonia, obducting its upper crust and underthrusting its lower crust in a tectonic flake structure and (2) a rifted margin of Baltica underlies the Polish basin. This model is similar to other interpretations of seismic profiles recorded in the Baltic Sea. The second model implies that the Paleozoic platform solely consists of Avalonian lithosphere and the EEC of Baltica lithosphere. It offers a simple explanation of the difference in crustal thickness of the two platforms. It also implies that the Caledonian and Variscan orogenies in this area were relatively “soft” collisions that left this continental margin largely intact.

Crustal structure of the Trans‐European suture zone region along POLONAISE'97 seismic profile P4

[1] In 2000, a consortium of European and North American institutions completed a huge active source seismic experiment focused on central Europe, the Central European Lithospheric Experiment Based on Refraction or CELEBRATION 2000. This experiment primarily consisted of a network of seismic refraction profiles that extended from the East European craton, along and across the Trans-European suture zone region in Poland to the Bohemian massif, and through the Carpathians and eastern Alps to the Pannonian basin. The longest profile CEL05 (1420 km) is the focus of this paper. The resulting two-dimensional tomographic and ray-tracing models show strong variations in crustal and lower lithospheric structure. Clear crustal thickening from the Pannonian basin (24–25 km thick) to the Trans-European suture zone region (∼50 km), together with the configuration of the lower lithospheric reflectors, suggests northward subduction of mantle underlying Carpathian-Pannonian plate under the European plate. This, however, conflicts with strong geological evidence for southward subduction, and we present three tectonic models that are to not totally mutually exclusive, to explain the lithospheric structure of the area: (1) northward “old” subduction of the Pannonian lithosphere under the East European craton in the Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous, (2) a collisional zone containing a “crocodile” structure where Carpatho-Pannonian upper crust is obducting over the crystalline crust of the East European craton and the Carpathian-Pannonian mantle lithosphere is underthrusting cratonic lower crust, and (3) lithosphere thinning due to the effects of Neogene extension and heating with the slab associated with “young” subduction southward in the Miocene having been either detached and/or rolled back to the east. In the last case, the northwestward dipping in the lithosphere can be interpreted as being due to isotherms that could represent the lithosphere/asthenosphere boundary in the Pannonian region.

Lithospheric structure beneath trans‐Carpathian transect from Precambrian platform to Pannonian basin: CELEBRATION 2000 seismic profile CEL05

Crustal memory and basin evolution in the Central European Basin System—new insights from a 3D structural model

Four tectonostratigraphic terranes have been distinguished outside the edge of the East European Craton (EEC) in Poland (Fig. 1a) on a map by W. Pozaryski and P. Karnkowski (1992) and in W. Pozaryski et al. (1992). Two of them (Pomeranian and Łysogory Terranes) are questioned by the present authors. These areas are rather parts of the EEC passive margin (miogeocline), deformed in Late Caledonian limes into a fold-and-thrust bell (Fig. 1b). The Malopolska Block and Upper Silesian Block are possible terranes, the former being of proximal character. It was detached from the EEC to the southeast of its present position, shifted northwestwards along a transform fault and re-accreted in the Late Caledonian epoch. The origin and tectonic nature of the Upper Silesian Block are disputable. Both terranes were covered by the Devonian-Carboniferous overlap sequence which was tectonically activated towards the end of the Variscan epoch. Apart from the terrane problem, the extent of the outer Variscan foldbelt and its internal structure are considered. It is most probably a Namurian-Westphalian fysch zone with local intramontane depressions. Its front lies approximately along the line: Gorzow-Poznan-Wielun, thus lying farther to the south than the Variscan front proposed on the discussed map.

https://gq.pgi.gov.pl/article/download/8361/pdf_450

Some key problems of the pre-Permian tectonics of Poland

Thirty two localities (outcrops and boreholes) have been described and analyzed from the structural point of view. The evidence is given that the structural style of folds, imbrications and overthrusts is similar in the both Early Palaeozoic units; southern (Dyminy-Klimontow) and northern (Łysogory). A new overthrust (Bronkowice-Zawichost-Bilgoraj) has been indicated in the north. Holy Cross Fault is a result of thrusting of the Łysogory Range over the Devonian of the Kielce-Łagow Synclinorium in the syn-Variscan syn-Alpine epochs.

/pdf/tectonic-style-of-the-early-palaeozoic-sequences-in-the-holy-2e2py7lr63.pdf

Tectonic style of the Early Palaeozoic sequences in the Holy Cross Mountains

PRESENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF DEEP SUBSTRATUM OF POLAND BEYOND THE CARPATHIANS The results of drillings hitherto undertaken, in combination with geophysical data collected seem to indicate that the western boundary of the Pre-Cambrian Fenno-Sarmatian Platflorm coincides with a zone of deep fractures. The Świety Krzyz Mountains show a bipartite orogeny: the Kielcide part is Caledonian, the Łysogory part - Variscan. Both these parts are tectonically close to each other along the Łysogory overthrust which is continued westwards within the substratum and is clearly reflected in a posthume dislocation of the Mesozoic mantle between Wielun-Siemkowice and Kodrąb.

/pdf/obecny-stan-znajomosci-budowy-geologicznej-glebokiego-10jm7tgilu.pdf

Obecny stan znajomości budowy geologicznej głębokiego podłoża pozakarpackiej Polski

TECTONICS OF THE CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT OF THE PRECAMBRIAN PLATFORM IN POLAND Summary As a result of the differentiated mobility of the crystalline basement, expressed in the form of a general deformation, i.e. bending or curvature of some of its parts, an erosional plan of the surface distribution of the Gothian, Sub-Jotnian and Jotnian complexes have developed. Primarily they were more wide-spread. An “undulation” of the crystalline basement, still before the sedimentation of the Wendian cover, led to a complete or almost complete removal of the Gothian, Sub-Jotnian and Jotnian complexes from the elevated portions of the basement. They persisted only in the depression areas of the basement. The Mazowsze, Dobrzyn and Pomerania granitoid massifs are, as far as their area is concerned, the largest tectonic units of the crystalline basement. They are surrounded with the Svecofenno-Karelian systems. The older Precambrian complexes made here the substratum of the granitoid massifs. Within the Svecofenno-Karelian geosyncline these massifs most probably played a part of the central massifs, and in their marginal portions were deformed. In the Gothian cycle they underwent regeneration, expressed as granitization and migmatization of the older substratum, as well as local mobilization of the rheomorphic and anatectic granitoids. On these granitoids the Gothian formations accumulated, later on metamorphosed and then eroded almost completely, except for small isolated patches only. The activation, expressed in the form of disjunctive tectonics, was responsible for the formation of grabens and depressions on the massifs, where the Jotnian molasse accumulated due to the lowering and uplifting movements. The deep rupture zones were used by the anorogenic, alkalic-gabbroidal, alkalic-ultrabasic and alkalic intrusions, as well as by the Jotnian subvulcanites and vulcanites. The differentiated vertical mobility of the basement led also to the wide deformations of the sedimentary cover and to the use of the disjunctive zone by the Wendian and Lower Palaeozoic vulcanites and subvulcanites. Svecofenno-Karelian metamorphic complexes. The Svecofenno-Karelian branches, represented by the Podlasie, Ciechanow and Kaszuby complexes, which link the granitoid massifs, represent the well-directed systems of the crystalline basement. In the synclinorial units the Svecofenno-Karelian complexes are represented by gneisses and migmatites, and in the anticlinal (or anticlinorial) ones - by primorogenic, metamorphic granitoids, locally accompanied with the Gothian palingenetic granitoids. Within the more eroded areas, the gneisses are not too thick, and occur as patches in granitoids, disclosing numerous post-orogenic vein granites, pegmatites and palingenetic granitoids. The middle part of the Podlasie complex is most eroded. It consists of several synclinoriums and anticlinoriums of lower order. The petrological analysis demonstrates that the synclinorial intra structures and the separating anticlinorial ones are built of the formations related to the deeper, almost axial geosynclinal zones. This is proved by a considerable percentage of pyroxene granulites, anderbites, charnockites, gabbro-amphibolites, leucogabbro-anorthosites in the metamorphic series. They represent altered, pre-inversion volcanogenic-sedimentary formations, and are basal formation of a large metamorphic complex. The next, deeply eroded part of the Podlasie complex is the Sejny-Augustow . structure. It is disturbed by a zone of tectonic fractures, thrown, and almost completely hidden under the Gothian macrostructure. Thus, in the substratum of the porphyroblastic, hornblende-biotite granitogneisses pyroxene granulites and enderbites can be expected to occur. The rocks of the Slawatycze elevation are here the third deeply eroded part of the Svecofenno-Karelides of the Podlasie complex. Here are found strongly granitized products of preorogenic volcanism. The Svecofenno-Karelian system is characterized by the intense folding of rocks which dip under an angle of about 70–90°, A high anisotropism of the structures, a complicated folding, and an abrupt inclination of the rocks were favourable for the multiple rejuvenation of the mylonitization zones, cataclasis, and brecciation showing directions concordant with the general structural plan, and those of transverse character. These processes were particularly common within the boundary zones of various objects, e.g. isotropic granitoid massifs and anisotropic units of the Svecofenno-Karelian system, as well as between the gneissic intrastructures and primorogenic granitoids, also within the gneissic complexes. A tectonic animation took place in the Gothian cycle, when the Svecofenno-KareIian basement was being covered with the supracrustal rocks subjected then to metamorphism. Such a specific tectonics in the basement was posthumously favourable also for the Wendian activation and basalt outflows. The Ciechanow branch of the Svecofenno-Karelides has so far insufficiently been penetrated by drillings. The recently recognized Kaszuby branch of the Svecofenno-Karelides occurs in the East Pomerania area. It has so far been established that the rock complexes of this branch come from a deeper part of the geosyncline, and are built up of pyroxene granulites, charnockites and pyroxene gneisses. Gothian metamorphic complexes. The reconstruction of the crystal .. line basement, begun in the Svecofenno-Karelian cycle, continued in the Gothian cycle. The Gothian rocks overlying the Pre-Svecofenno-Karelian substratum, are represented by metamorphic schists and gneisses. In the basement of the Peri-Baltic depression, metamorphic schists and gneisses are found sporadically. Predominant are here porphyroblastic granite gneisses, rapakivi-like granitoids, and anorthosite-norite intrusions. In the granitoid massifs – regenerated during the Gothian cyde – land within the marginal zones of the Svecofenno-Karelian system, are found palyngenetic and anatectic granitoids surrounded with metasomatic granites and migmatites. The supracrustal Gothian formations were developed in one metamorphic cycle only. Their dip changes, ranging for the most part from 40 to 70°. Their deformation structures are less complicated than in the polymetamorphic Svecofenno-Karelian formations. On the Svecofenno-Karelian basement these rocks are more disturbed, their granitization and mylonitization being more strongly expressed. The contact zone of the Mazury complex of the Gothides with the Svecofenno-Karelian system and its central granite massifs was in the Sub-Jotnian and Jotnian times an area of both tectonic and magmatic activation. To this zone are related anorogenic alkalic-gabroidal, alkalic-ultrabasic and alkalic intrusions. The Karelian-Gothian cycle ends with the molasse sedimentation in grabens and depressions, accompanied with the alkalic magmatism and subvolcanism. The Jotnian rocks are found in patches showing a meridional elongation related to the system of the Gothian dislocations. The analysis of thicknesses, ranges, and formational and facial development of the individual structural complexes in the sedimentary cover proves the differentiated vertical movements of the crystalline basement of the Precambrian platform, from the Precambrian time to the present day. The vertical movements of the crystalline basement are, due to the displacement of the masses in its substratum, caused by the equalization of their density or thermal differentiation. After the crystallization period of the crystalline basement these movements were intensified by the erosional processes, which removed huge masses of the folded rock massif and leveled its surface. The displacement of the material and its accumulation in the form of molasse at other sites were also the effect of the differentiated vertical movement of the basement. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 
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/pdf/tektonika-podloza-krystalicznego-prekambryjskiej-platformy-w-3s3c5vky3v.pdf

Tektonika podłoża krystalicznego prekambryjskiej platformy w Polsce

Opisano przedemskie podloze: w masywie Gornego Śląska (1) zbudowane z prekambryjskich zasadowych i kwaśnych plutonitow i wulkanitow, z gnejsow i metaskal; w strefie Lublinca - Zawiercia - Krakowa (2) zbudowane z prekambryjskich i kambro-sylurskich lusek skal osadowych i metaskal oraz z kwaśnych i zasadowych plutonitow i wulkanitow; w Niecce Nidzianskiej i przedkarpackim zapadlisku (3), gdzie budują je prawie wylącznie prekambryjskie metaskaly, z wulkanitami, oraz w Gorach Świetokrzyskich (4), ktore zbudowane są glownie z kambro-sylurskich skal, wylącznie osadowych, z zasadowymi wulkanitami. Strefa pierwsza reprezentuje masyw miedzygorski, do ktorego przyrasta synklinorium Lublinca - Zawiercia - Krakowa. Strefe trzecią zinterpretowano jako geantykline przeksztalconą w orogenezie kaledonskiej w antyklinorium. Gory Świetokrzyskie reprezentują kaledonskie synklinorium wypietrzone n a p r z e l o m i e kar b o n u - p e r m u jako gory zalomowe i odmlodzone orograficznie w epoce alpejskiej. Podloze opisanych jednostek nalezy do Vistulicum obejmującego rowniez podloze przedemskie Kujaw, Wielkopolski i Pomorza Zachodniego. TECTONICS OF SOUTHERN PART OF MIDDLE POLAND (BEYOND THE CARPATHIANS) The pre-Emsian basement in the Upper Silesian massif = the basement of the Silesian-Cracow Foredeep (1), the Lubliniec-Zawicrcie-Cracow zone (2) and the Nida trough and the Carpathian Foredeep (3) as well as the pre-Emsian rocks which build the Holy Cross Mts (4) are described in the paper. There are only Precambrian basic and acid plutonic and volcanic rocks, gneisses and different metarocks in the Upper Silesian massif. The basement of the second zone is formed by mainly Cambro-Silurian sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks with basic and acid plutonic and volcanic rocks. The basement of the third zone is only composed of the Precambrian metasedimentary and volcanic rocks while the mainly Cambro-Silurian and solely sedimentary rocks with pre-Emsian diabases and lamprophyres form the Holy Cross Mts. The basement of the Upper Silesian Foredeep (1) is the intermediary massif, and the Lubliniec-Zawiercie-Cracow synclinorium (Cracovides) is adjoining it. The next zone (3) is interpreted as geanticline which during the orogenesis was transformed into anticlinorium. The Holy Cross Mts represent a synclinorium which was risen up as fault-block mountains during the Variscan epoch and orographically rejuvenated during the Alpine epoch. In numerous boreholes sequences; of the Lubliniec-Zawiercie-Cracow zone the alternation of metamorphic and sedimentary series of the same age was recorded This indicates the decollement and overthrust of complexes of metarocks on complexes of sedimentary rocks and, next, the common folding and thrusting into slice folds, so generally it indicates the great spatial compression of the rocks of the Caledonian geosyncline. The pre-Emsian erosion of the Caledonian orogen and the present spatial distribution of Precambrian and Cambro-Silurian rocks below the transgressive Devonian deposits permit to draw the structural conclusions. The Holy Cross Mts which are mainly built of the Cambro-Silurian rocks are a synclinorium system while the folded basements of the Nida trough and Carpathian Foredeep form an anticlinorium system in which the general absence of the Cambrian and Tremadocian rocks is secondary. The intensity of sedimentation of Cambrian and Tremadocian deposits on the submarine geanticline had to be evidently very limited. The uplift of the geanticline and its transformation into anticlinorium system during the Sandomirian phase (on the turn of Tremadocian and Arenigian, recte in the lowermost Arenigian) initiated the deep-reaching erosion which removed thin Cambrian and Tremadocian deposits. The Lubliniec-Zawiercie-Cracow synclinorium which is mainly built of the Cambro-Silurian sedimentary rocks and metarocks, accretes with that anticlinorium from west and south-west. Stronger metamorphosed rocks of the synclinorum were pulled deeper and even tectonically sucked in at the contact with the crystalline Upper Silesian massif. The basement of the described units belong; to V I s t u I i cum (H. Stille, 1950) which as the widespread area of Caledonian consolidation also comprises the basements of Kujawy, Wielkopolska and Western Pomerania (J. Znosko, 1962, 1964, 1974; R. Dadlez, 1974). From the primary bigger area of the Caledonian development those zones have been later excluded which were subjected to Variscan regeneration or continuation. This refers to Sudetes. also to those which now occur below the sedimentary cover.

/pdf/tektonika-srodkowo-poludniowej-polski-pozakarpackiej-8pkduxfxuf.pdf

Tektonika środkowo-południowej Polski pozakarpackiej

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