The purpose of the study that is reported in this paper is to develop a method to estimate the parameters of untransposed overhead transmission lines using synchronized measurements. Considering the noise in the measured bus voltages and line currents, a three-phase static state estimation is employed first to estimate the states. Then, the parameters are tracked dynamically by a Kalman filter. State estimation and parameter tracking process are iteratively carried out to reduce the uncertainties that exist in the estimation function. In addition, a static parameter estimation method is proposed to estimate the initial values of line parameters. Several tests using simulated as well as actual recorded measurements are conducted considering a wide spectrum of line parameter variations. Results of these simulations are provided to illustrate how the proposed approach can successfully track line parameters under a variety of operating conditions.

Tracking Three-Phase Untransposed Transmission Line Parameters Using Synchronized Measurements

Accurate parameters of transmission lines are critical for power system operation and control decision making. Transmission line parameter estimation based on measured data is an effective way to enhance the validity of the parameters. This paper proposes a multi-point transmission line parameter estimation model with an adaptive data selection scheme based on measured data. Data selection scheme, defined with time window and number of data points, is introduced in the estimation model as additional variables to optimize. The data selection scheme is adaptively adjusted to minimize the relative standard deviation (RSD) of estimated parameters. An iterative technique derived from the Newton method is adopted to solve the proposed model by fitting the relationship between the RSD and data selection scheme with exponential functions. Simulated data are applied to illustrate the performance of the proposed model. Some 500-kV transmission lines from a provincial power system of China are estimated to demonstrate the applicability of the presented model. The superiority of the proposed model over fixed data selection schemes is also verified.

/pdf/measurement-based-transmission-line-parameter-estimation-3kojwth84q.pdf

Measurement-Based Transmission Line Parameter Estimation With Adaptive Data Selection Scheme

Power system software used for analysis and dynamic simulation and relay settings require accurate model parameters of different elements for precise results. For this, transmission line parameter verification is necessary at times, which changes due to atmospheric condition and aging. This paper presents a method for estimating the parameters of series compensated line online using synchronized time-domain data captured by the intelligent electronic devices at both ends of the line, which is free of the compensation model. The method uses traveling waves generated during disturbance to obtain the propagation constant of the line, which is used to estimate the resistance and the characteristic impedance of the line. Subsequently, the inductance and capacitance of the line are calculated. The proposed method is tested using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation data of an actual series compensated line in Indian power grid. Results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.

A Method for Accurate Parameter Estimation of Series Compensated Transmission Lines Using Synchronized Data

Transmission line impedance parameter estimation forms an essential part in modeling and monitoring of electricity networks. The accuracy of the estimated parameters has a direct impact on various functions of network operation, such as state estimation, fault location, and dynamic thermal line rating. Impedance parameters can be estimated from voltage and current measurements taken at the ends of the transmission line. Previous research has produced a range of methods with the purpose of maximizing the accuracy of the estimated values. However, the input measurements from the line ends can contain systematic errors that are introduced by the instrumentation channel and significantly reduce impedance parameter accuracy, which is not taken into account by most of the existing methods. In this paper, a novel method is presented that estimates correction factors for the systematic errors and, thus, increases the accuracy of impedance parameter values. The performance of the new method is compared with an existing one in a case study on laboratory measurements.

/pdf/a-novel-approach-to-noninvasive-measurement-of-overhead-line-5bc19e1qwa.pdf

A Novel Approach to Noninvasive Measurement of Overhead Line Impedance Parameters

Utilization of abundant measurements provided by supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system has attracted increasing attention. Real-time estimation of transmission line parameters, utilizing voltage and power flow measurements provided by remote terminal units (RTUs) located at two substations across the line, has been investigated, recently. This paper improves this approach by introducing a novel exact linear reformulation of the problem, which can be solved in closed form. The distributed-parameter model of long transmission lines is considered and its parameters are estimated in a non-iterative manner using RTU measurements. The method is also extended to estimate transformer series impedance and tap position by SCADA measurements, linearly. As such, the disadvantages associated with the previous iterative approach, e.g. concern over convergence, for transmission line parameters are avoided. Moreover, the novel technique for estimating transformer parameters allows to determine the tap position as well as updated transformer series impedance. Furthermore, a thorough analysis is presented to take the measurement accuracy into account. Simulation results for different transmission lines and transformers in the IEEE 118-bus test system are reported, where the result indicate successful performance of the proposed algorithms.

/pdf/online-non-iterative-estimation-of-transmission-line-and-1mj74wqo61.pdf

Online Non-Iterative Estimation of Transmission Line and Transformer Parameters by SCADA Data

Series impedance and shunt admittance parameters of transmission lines are fundamental data for various online and offline power system studies. This paper shows that the active power, reactive power, and voltage magnitude ( $P$ , $Q$ , $V$ ) data measured at the two ends of a transmission line are sufficient to determine the positive-sequence line parameters. The phase-angle information is not essential. Since the $P$ , $Q$ , and $V$ data are readily available from the supervisory control and data-acquisition systems, the proposed method can be easily implemented in existing control centers. Algorithms, characteristics, performances, and potential applications of the proposed method are presented in this paper. Simulation study and field test results show that the proposed technique can be a useful addition to the energy-management systems of utility companies.

Online Tracking of Transmission-Line Parameters Using SCADA Data

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Online Tracking of Transmission-Line Parameters Using SCADA Data