Continuous flow sand column bioreactor experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) concentration (i.e. DNT loading rate) and influent dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on aerobic biodegradation of DNT by wild type (DNT) and recombinant (YV1) Burkholderia sp., the latter containing plasmid pSC160 which carries the gene (vgb) encoding the hemoglobin (VHb) from the bacterium Vitreoscilla. The experiments were conducted in two continuous flow packed bed sand column bioreactors, one growing the wild type strain and the other growing YV1. Under oxygen-rich feed conditions (6.8 mg DO/L in the feed) with an influent DNT concentration of 99.6 mg/L (DNT loading rate ≅ 9.2 mg/m2/day), the effluent DNT concentration from the wild type bioreactor reached 0.7 mg DNT/L in 40 days whereas it was less than 0.2 mg DNT/L for the YV1 bioreactor in about 25 days. When influent DNT concentration was increased to 214 mg/L (DNT loading rate ≅ 20.3 mg/m2/day) while maintaining the same influent DO level of 6.8 mg/L, the effluent DNT concentration increased to about 5 mg/L for the wild type bioreactor whereas it was maintained at less than 0.2 mg/L for the YV1 bioreactor. Additionally, when influent DO was reduced from 6.8 mg/L to3.1 mg/L while the influent DNT concentration remained at 214 mg/L, the effluent DNT concentration increased to more than 20 mg/L for the wild type bioreactor but up to only 1.7 mg/L for the YV1 bioreactor. A subsequent increase of influent DO back to 6.6 mg/L reduced the effluent DNT concentration to about 5 mg/L for the wild type bioreactor and to 0.10–0.19 mg/L for the YV1 bioreactor. These results confirm the utility of vgb technology to enhance biodegradation of aromatic compounds under hypoxic conditions and also that this enhancement can be maintained over extended periods of time as evidenced by plasmid stability inBurkholderia YV1.

Enhancement of 2,4-dinitrotoluene biodegradation by Burkholderia sp. in sand bioreactors using bacterial hemoglobin technology

Biosparging, a technique similar to air sparging but with the design intent of plume discretization with low to moderate flows per sparge point and operational patience to allow for bioremediation, is producing remediation results distancing itself from air sparging in general. While some debate the efficacy of sparging, this paper discusses results at biosparging sites that are by design and operation significantly different than results from air sparging sites. The authors have participated in biosparging projects across the country for a number of years that have resulted in a range of applications with a large database of results. To provide insight into recent debate concerning the use of water quality results at sparging sites, data from permanent monitoring wells, located 50 to 200 feet beyond the direct influence of air movement, are provided. Water quality results from wells where systems have been off from weeks to more than a year also are provided, as well as confirmation borings of soil concentrations above, at, and below the water table. Additionally, results from new borings and monitoring wells are provided for systems after shutdown. Wells undergoing active sparging/agitation can provide results indicating clean water. Attention is focused on BTEX analytes.

Biosparging results: How clean is the site?

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Biosparging results: How clean is the site?