The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, under joint Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO)/Air Force Phillips Laboratory and NASA/EOS Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sponsorship, has conducted extensive characterization testing of the TRW Model 3503 and Model 6020 pulse tube cryocoolers. These coolers, built under BMDO/AFPL sponsorship, share a common design that utilizes a single-stage pulse tube integrally mounted onto 10-cc common compression space compressors, and are distinguishable by slight differences in the pulse tube designs which optimized cooler performance for operation at either 35 K or 60 K. The coolers were characterized over a range of heak rejection temperatures and cooler operating parameters (compressor stroke, piston offset, and drive frequency) to understand their effects on cooler thermal performance, cooler-generated vibration and cold block motion, and cooler-generated EMI. Pulse tube parasitic conduction as a function of cold block temperature has been studied for a non-operating cooler; the results show a strong angular dependence relative to gravity. The results of the parametric studies are presented.

Performance Characterization of the TRW3505 and 60K Pulse Tube Coolers

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has identified the Thales LPT9510 pulse tube cryocooler as a candidate low cost cryocooler to provide active cooling on future cost-capped scientific missions. The commercially available cooler can provide refrigeration in excess of 2 W at 100K for 60W of power. JPL purchased the LPT9510 cooler for thermal and dynamic performance characterization, and has initiated the flight qualification of the existing cooler design to satisfy near-term JPL needs for this cooler. The LPT9510 has been thermally tested over the heat reject temperature range of 0C to +40C during characterization testing. The cooler was placed on a force dynamometer to measure the selfgenerated vibration of the cooler. Iris Technology has provided JPL with a brass board version of the Low Cost Cryocooler Electronics (LCCE) to drive the Thales cooler during characterization testing. The LCCE provides precision closed-loop temperature control and embodies extensive protection circuitry for handling and operational robustness; other features such as exported vibration mitigation and low frequency input current filtering are envisioned as options that future flight versions may or may not include based upon the mission requirements. JPL has also chosen to partner with Iris Technology for the development of electronics suitable for future flight applications. Iris Technology is building a set of radiation-hard, flight-design electronics to deliver to the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Test results of the thermal, dynamic and EMC testing of the integrated Thales LPT9510 cooler and Iris LCCE electronics is presented here.

/pdf/integrated-testing-of-the-thales-lpt9510-pulse-tube-cooler-1pi49u5gre.pdf

Integrated testing of the Thales LPT9510 pulse tube cooler and the iris LCCE electronics

Cryogenic coolers are used in association with sensitive electronics and sensors for military, commercial or scientific space payloads. The general requirements are high reliability and power efficiency, low vibration export and ability to survive launch vibration extremes and long-term exposure to space radiation. A long standing paradigm of using exclusively space heritage derivatives of legendary "Oxford" cryocoolers featuring linear actuators, flexural bearings, contactless seals and active vibration cancellation is so far the best known practice aiming at delivering high reliability components for the critical and usually expensive space missions. The recent tendency of developing mini and micro satellites for the budget constrained missions has spurred attempts to adapt leading-edge tactical cryogenic coolers to meet the space requirements. The authors are disclosing theoretical and practical aspects of a collaborative effort on developing a space qualified cryogenic refrigerator based on the Ricor model K527 tactical cooler and Iris Technology radiation hardened, low cost cryocooler electronics. The initially targeted applications are cost-sensitive flight experiments, but should the results show promise, some long-life "traditional" cryocooler missions may well be satisfied by this approach.

Low cost split stirling cryogenic cooler for aerospace applications

Development of the LPT6510 pulse-tube cooler for 60–150 K applications

The HPGe detector assembly of gamma-ray spectrometer cooled by Stirling cycle cryocooler is under consideration. Modal analysis based on the compiled dynamic model was carried out. The natural frequencies and modes shapes for HPGe detector with relative efficiency 15 % mounted by supports made from composite G-Etronax and CESTILENE HD 1000 were calculated by Solidworks simulation. The frequencies of the axial mode are in range of 200-600 Hz where electrical interferences caused by mechanical vibrations (so-called microphone noise) has a large impact on the resolution of spectrometer. It is shown that for cryostat cap the lowest natural frequencies determined by the thickness of input window lay in higher frequency range. The validity of the adopted model was confirmed by the experiments. The calculated natural frequencies of the detector assembly are compared to the harmonics of cryocooler’s vibration. The results obtained are useful to identify the interferences source in electrical circuits of spectrometer at its adjusting.

/pdf/modal-analysis-of-hpge-detector-assembly-in-gamma-ray-w9poj38vcq.pdf

Modal analysis of HPGe detector assembly in gamma-ray spectrometers

This paper describes a series of experiments during which a particular cryocooler control electronics (CCE) was shown
to successfully drive several very different cryocoolers and simulated cryocooler loads, including a space pulse tube
cryocooler, long life tactical Stirling coolers, and even a simulated reverse turbo Brayton (RTB) cryocooler compressor.
This CCE is an early brassboard version of a low cost, radiation hard cryocooler electronics module being developed
primarily for cost-constrained, but nevertheless mission critical military and civilian spaceborne applications. This
design is also applicable for tactical applications which seek to support multiple cryocooler types and/or vendors with a
given CCE. The CCE provides high efficiency DC-to-AC conversion, automated cool down, and precision temperature
control. The results demonstrate convincingly that this CCE design is broadly supportive of a wide range of
thermodynamic-mechanical cryocooler units (TMUs) for a subsequently broad range of payloads and missions.

Experimental demonstration of cryocooler electronics with multiple mechanical cryocooler types

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Integrated testing of the Thales LPT9510 pulse tube cooler and the iris LCCE electronics

Experimental demonstration of cryocooler electronics with multiple mechanical cryocooler types