Evidence for the leaching of dissolved organic phosphorus to depth.

The aim was to investigate the effect of silicon fertilizer with straw return in phosphorus efficiency and maize grain yield. In 2018 and 2019, two field experiments were established in Nong’an Cou...

Effect of Silicon Fertilizer and Straw Return on the Maize Yield and Phosphorus Efficiency in Northeast China

Biogas digestates contain substantial amounts of nutrients and are widely used as fertilizer. However, long-term results of their agronomic effects are limited. A ten-year field experiment was evaluated regarding the phosphorus (P) fertilizer value of digestates in dependence of different crop species, paying special attention to turnover and translocation of P in the soil profile. The input substrate (inputS) and digested substrate (digestS) from a biogas plant were applied annually to at a rate of 30 m³ ha−1. For control, mineral nitrogen and potassium, but no P, were given in equal amounts as applied with the biogas substrates. The average annual P uptake of crops was increased by the inputS (31.5 kg ha−1) and digestS (28.5 kg ha−1) compared to the control (23.5 kg ha−1). Regarding the plant available P content (soluble in double-lactate) no differences between the inputS and digestS treatments were found in the topsoil. In the subsoil all P pools measured as well as the degree of P saturation were highest when P was added with the digestS. The activities of soil enzymes were only increased after the application of inputS in comparison to the control and were also affected by the crop species cultivated. Our results indicate that digested slurries have a comparable P fertilizer effect to that of undigested slurries, but they involve a higher risk of P losses due to higher P concentrations in the subsoil.

Long-term phosphorus supply with undigested and digested slurries and their agronomic effects under field conditions

Relevance of sludge management practices and substance modeling in LCA for decision-making: A case study in Chile.

The long-term application of manures in watersheds with dense animal production has increased soil phosphorus (P) concentration, exceeding plant and soil assimilative capacities. The P accumulated in soils that are heavily manured and contain excess extractable soil P concentrations is known as legacy P. Runoff and leaching can transport legacy P to ground water and surface water bodies, contributing to water quality impairment and environmental pollution, such as eutrophication. This review article analyzes and discusses current and innovative management practices for soil legacy P. Specifically, we address the use of biochar as an emerging novel technology that reduces P movement and bioavailability in legacy P soils. We illustrate that properties of biochar can be affected by pyrolysis temperature and by various activating chemical compounds and by-products. Our approach consists of engineering biochars, using an activation process on poultry litter feedstock before pyrolysis to enhance the binding or precipitation of legacy P. Finally, this review article describes previous examples of biochar activation and offers new approaches to the production of biochars with enhanced P sorption capabilities.

/pdf/the-occurrence-of-legacy-p-soils-and-potential-mitigation-3lya5md7do.pdf

The Occurrence of Legacy P Soils and Potential Mitigation Practices Using Activated Biochar

What controls post-harvest growth rates in the caatinga forest?

The long-term use of manure as a source of nutrients can promote phosphorus (P) leaching, especially in sandy soils. The aim was to evaluate P mobility from organic and mineral sources in columns, linked with the Dystric Xeropsamments adsorption characteristics with long-term organic fertilization regime. The mineral, chemical, and physical properties of the samples were characterized, including Langmuir adsorption and desorption kinetics. The P mobility was determined in one leaching experiment, in 20 cm soil columns. The topsoil (0–10 cm) layer was treated with organic (cattle, swine, goat, and hen manure) and inorganic fertilizers. Leaching was corresponding to 10 pore volumes (PV), 1 PV day−1. Aliquots of the leachate were collected to analyze P concentrations. After the leaching, the columns were sliced into 5-cm sections for the analysis of water-extractable P (WEP). The mineral source obtained higher leaching of P and between the organic sources the bovine and swine manure. The latter were the ones that had higher value of Pw in the soil after the leaching. Due to the increase of the adsorption capacity of P with depth, there was a reduction in the mobility of P, and an unbalance of Pw in the soil was found. The mobility of P depends on the concentration of the soluble P soil or added material; moreover, the presence of Fe and Al oxides, even in small amounts, reduces the mobility of P in sandy soil.

/pdf/mobility-of-phosphorus-from-organic-and-inorganic-source-45f5l3y5d1.pdf

Mobility of phosphorus from organic and inorganic source materials in a sandy soil

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What controls post-harvest growth rates in the caatinga forest?

Mobility of phosphorus from organic and inorganic source materials in a sandy soil