Rubus idaeus L. is one of the oldest and most widespread berry crops, which is cultivated for the excellent taste as well as for medical and dietary properties of berries. Rubus fruits contain a significant amount of vitamins A and C, anthocyanins, polyphenolic substances, which determines their high antioxidant activity. Remontant red raspberry forms are able to berry on annual shoots in the second half of summer, which extends the term of consumption of fresh berries by 1.5-2 months. However, many forms of remontant raspberry have a low potential for vegetative propagation compared to summer varieties, which makes them difficult to reproduce and to use in the breeding process. We investigated the possibility of increasing the efficiency of in vitro micropropagation of a remontant raspberry variety ʻBiryulevskaya’. The effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) at concentrations of 0.5–3 mg l-1 and thidiazuron (TDZ) at concentrations of 0.05–0.2 mg l-1 as well as doubled and tripled iron chelate Fe-EDTA (Ferric ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid) doses were studied. We found the adding 1.0 mg l-1 6-BAP to the MS medium containing a triple dose of iron chelate, provided intensive proliferation of high quality adventitious shoots.

/pdf/biotechnological-approaches-to-the-reproduction-of-remontant-327u7eo60y.pdf

Biotechnological approaches to the reproduction of remontant forms of red raspberry

Primocane raspberry cultivars for industrial cultivation in Russia

The goal of the research is to identify the most productive and environmentally sustainable varieties of pear in the conditions of the Central Black Earth region of Russia. The research was carried out from 2015 to 2017 in the Oryol Oblast on leached black earth. The average humus content in the arable layer was 6.0–6.5%, phosphorus – 21–27 mg/100g, potassium – 12–15 mg/100 g. Soil acidity was 5.7–6.1. The thickness of the humus horizon was 40–75 cm. The degree of saturation of the bases was within 91%. Climate in the region is moderate-continental, heat is sufficient for the normal growth and development of fruit plants. The trees were planted in 2004; the scheme of planting was 6x4 m. The stock was seedlings of common pear. Accounting was conducted using the “Program and method of studying fruit, berry and nut crop varieties” (Oryol, 1999). The varieties Pamiati Yakovleva and Annushka are characterized by a restrained growth force – 3.5–3.8 m. In the natural climatic conditions of the Oryol Oblast, the Annushka and Velesa varieties are considered hardy, the Rossoshanskaya krupnaya and Svetlyanka – medium-hardy. Varieties Annushka and Velesa are quite resistant to the pathogens of scab, brown and white spotting – the average score for damage to fruits and leaves did not exceed 1.5. On average, for 3 years the yield of the Rossoshanskaya krupnaya pear variety was at the level of the zoned control variety Pamiati Yakovleva . Yields were 112.2 and 108.3 centners per hectare, respectively. The yield of the Annushka variety was 7.5 centners per hectare, or 6.7% higher than that of the control variety.

Distinct features of adaptive and productive potential of prospective pear varieties

В результате исследований установлено, что коллекционные образцы смородины черной в условиях in vitro можно поддерживать в жизнеспособном состоянии на специально подобранных по составу питательных средах. Проведена отработка элементов технологии сохранения растений с помощью приемов культивирования клеток, тканей и органов in vitro, что является наиболее безопасной альтернативой для дублетных коллекций большого количества культур. Цель работы – разработка элементов технологии длительного coхранения ценных генотипов смородины черной путем использования осмотически активных веществ в сочетании с различными температурными режимами депонирования. Определены оптимальные условия культивирования для экплантов смородины черной сорта Брянский Агат на среде с добавлением маннита в концентрациях 0,45 и 0,75 % при температуре 22–24 °С. Совместное использование маннита в указанных концентрациях и температуры позволило сохранить жизнеспособность растений на уровне 40 %. Сравнительный анализ влияния различных осмотически активных веществ на регенерацию микрочеренков показал целесообразность использования маннита в условиях нормальной скорости роста, так как его внесение в питательную среду в разных концентрациях повышало жизнеспособность эксплантов по сравнению с дульцитом в 5–8 раз и контролем – в 2–2,5 раза. При депонировании в условиях низких положительных температур 4–6 °С оптимальным источником органического питания оказалась сахароза. Жизнеспособность контрольных образцов была выше (55 %), чем опытных (25 %). Таким образом, на модельном сорте Брянский Агат смородины черной выявлена возможность сохранения эксплантов на протяжении 12 месяцев беспересадочного культивирования путем модификации питательной среды на основе осмотически активных веществ и температурных режимов. Реализация морфогенетического потенциала культивируемых эксплантов обусловлена генотипом, составом питательной среды и условиями культивирования. В результате определения оптимальных условий культивирования для эксплантов смородины черной сорта Брянский Агат были разработаны элементы технологии сохранения ценных генотипов смородины черной в условиях in vitro.

Элементы оптимизации технологии сохранения смородины черной in vitro

Diphenylurea derivatives in micropropagation of primocane-fruiting raspberries and black currants.

Breeding primocane raspberries in russia

The article proposes conceptualization of a political fact as a semiotic sign, based on Peirce’s models, which were reexamined by a number of modern researchers and filled with a discursive content. Facts are defined as statements with illocutionary power that represent a state of affairs to the mind, which interprets that representation as valid. Political facts differ from others in that the process of their interpretation is politically motivated i.e., pragmatically and normatively. Fact is also considered as a special case of a speech act: following John Searle, the author believes that such acts are always illocutionary, although there is not always a direct connection between the structure of an utterance and its intended meaning. On the basis of such understanding of facts and Peirce’s classification of interpretants, the author builds semiotic typology of facts. He distinguishes between eight types of facts depending on the position of an interpretant in relation to a sign. All types of facts are located in a three-dimensional conceptual model, which is presented in the article in three tables. The author reveals possible prerequisites that determine a subject’s choice of this or the other mode of the interpretation of facts. The author finds a connection between certain types of interpretants with behavioral choices of subjects, as well as with the concept of intersubjectivity. According to the author, such conceptualization can work as an intermediary model that connects various scientific traditions via a single apparatus that allows overcoming the differences between individual approaches through an appeal to more general characteristics of the subject. The constructed typology of facts also has practical significance, especially in the study of political discourse, where dispute about facts plays a central role. It gives a researcher an opportunity not only to focus on certain categories of facts, but also, when faced with any facts, to effectively categorize them, identifying their key characteristics.

/pdf/political-facts-and-the-production-of-meanings-in-discourse-1mfjw4gj.pdf

Political Facts and the Production of Meanings in Discourse

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Diphenylurea derivatives in micropropagation of primocane-fruiting raspberries and black currants.

Breeding primocane raspberries in russia

Political Facts and the Production of Meanings in Discourse