The ecosystem service of insect pest regulation by natural enemies, such as primaryparasitoids, may be enhanced by the presence of uncultivated, semi-natural habitatswithin agro-ecosystems, although quantifying such host–parasitoid interactions is dif-ﬁcult. Here, we use rRNA 16S gene sequencing to assess both the level of parasitismby Aphidiinae primary parasitoids and parasitoid identity on a large sample of aphidscollected in cultivated and uncultivated agricultural habitats in Western France. Weused these data to construct ecological networks to assess the level of compartmentali-zation between aphid and parasitoid food webs of cultivated and uncultivated habi-tats. We evaluated the extent to which uncultivated margins provided a resource forparasitoids shared between pest and nonpest aphids. We compared the observedquantitative ecological network described by our molecular approach to an empiricalqualitative network based on aphid–parasitoid interactions from traditional rearingdata found in the literature. We found that the molecular network was highlycompartmentalized and that parasitoid sharing is relatively rare between aphids,especially between crop and noncrop compartments. Moreover, the few cases of puta-tive shared generalist parasitoids were questionable and could be due to the lack ofdiscrimination of cryptic species or from intraspeciﬁc host specialization. Our resultssuggest that apparent competition mediated by Aphidiinae parasitoids is probablyrare in agricultural areas and that the contribution of ﬁeld margins as a source ofthese biocontrol agents is much more limited than expected. Further large-scale(spatial and temporal) studies on other crops and noncrop habitats are needed toconﬁrm this.Keywords: 16S rRNA, agroecosystems, Aphidiinae parasitoids, apparent competition, foodwebs, host–parasitoid communitiesReceived 9 October 2013; revision received 19 February 2014; accepted 19 February 2014

SPECIAL ISSUE: MOLECULAR DETECTION OF TROPHIC INTERACTIONS Molecular analysis reveals high compartmentalization in aphid-primary parasitoid networks and low parasitoid sharing between crop and noncrop habitats

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SPECIAL ISSUE: MOLECULAR DETECTION OF TROPHIC INTERACTIONS Molecular analysis reveals high compartmentalization in aphid-primary parasitoid networks and low parasitoid sharing between crop and noncrop habitats