Provided are, among other things, systems, methods and techniques for converting a continuous-time, continuously variable signal into a sampled and quantized signal According to one representative embodiment, an apparatus includes multiple quantization-noise-shaping continuous-time filters, each in a separate processing branch and having an adder that includes multiple inputs and an output; an input signal is coupled to one of the inputs of the adder; the output of the adder is coupled to one of the inputs of the adder through a first filter; and the output of a sampling/quantization circuit in the same processing branch is coupled to one of the inputs of the adder through a second filter, with the second filter having a different transfer function than the first filter

Sampling/quantization converters

A laser for generating an output wavelength of approximately 193.4 nm includes a fundamental laser, an optical parametric generator, a fourth harmonic generator, and a frequency mixing module. The optical parametric generator, which is coupled to the fundamental laser, can generate a down-converted signal. The fourth harmonic generator, which may be coupled to the optical parametric generator or the fundamental laser, can generate a fourth harmonic. The frequency mixing module, which is coupled to the optical parametric generator and the fourth harmonic generator, can generate a laser output at a frequency equal to a sum of the fourth harmonic and twice a frequency of the down-converted signal.

193nm laser and inspection system

Provided are, among other things, systems, methods and techniques for converting a continuous-time, continuously variable signal into a sampled and quantized signal. According to one implementation, an apparatus includes multiple processing branches, each including: a continuous-time quantization-noise-shaping circuit, a sampling/quantization circuit, and a digital bandpass filter. A combining circuit then combines signals at the processing branch outputs into a final output signal. The continuous-time quantization-noise-shaping circuits include adjustable circuit components for changing their quantization-noise frequency-response minimum, and the digital bandpass filters include adjustable parameters for changing their frequency passbands.

Multi-mode sampling/quantization converters

A deep ultra-violet (DUV) continuous wave (CW) laser includes a fundamental CW laser configured to generate a fundamental frequency with a corresponding wavelength between about 1 μm and 1.1 μm, a third harmonic generator module including one or more periodically poled non-linear optical (NLO) crystals that generate a third harmonic and an optional second harmonic, and one of a fourth harmonic generator module and a fifth harmonic generator. The fourth harmonic generator module includes a cavity resonant at the fundamental frequency configured to combine the fundamental frequency with the third harmonic to generate a fourth harmonic. The fourth harmonic generator module includes either a cavity resonant at the fundamental frequency for combining the fundamental frequency with the third harmonic to generate a fifth harmonic, or a cavity resonant at the second harmonic frequency for combining the second harmonic and the third harmonic to generate the fifth harmonic.

Cw duv laser with improved stability

An optical deflecting mirror device includes a circular or elliptical mirror with a reflective front surface, and a figure “8”-shaped reinforcement rib provided on a rear surface of the mirror symmetrically along a rocking axis of the mirror. The figure “8”-shaped reinforcement rib includes two ring-shaped reinforcement ribs coupled to each other along the rocking axis.

Optical deflecting mirror device having figure "8"-shaped rib and optical deflector

In a moving structure, stability of swing motion of a moving plate is increased by enhancing tensional rigidity or flexural rigidity while restraining torsion rigidity of the hinge units. The hinge units of ladder shape with honeycombed portions are formed by twin supporting rods and crosspieces bridged between the twin supporting rods so as to support the moving plate rotatably. The tensional rigidity or the flexural rigidity is increased while restraining the torsion rigidity of the hinge units by the honeycombed portions of the hinge units.

Moving structure and micro-mirror device using the same

An image display apparatus includes an LD for emitting and modulating visible light, an optical scanning device for two-dimensionally scanning the light from the Ld on a screen in synchronism with the LD, an imaging device for picturizing an image of the image displayed on the screen, and an image processor for judging presence or absence of the pointing element such as a finger or fingers which is/are used to point out an optional position on the image based on temporal change of the image picturized by the imaging device. Even when the finger or fingers of a person is/are used as the pointing element, it is possible to judge the presence or absence of the pointing out of the image by the finger or fingers. Thereby, a number of components can be reduced. In addition, in comparison with an image display apparatus that emits invisible light detects a position of a pointing element corresponding to a photoreception timing of the invisible light reflected by the pointing element, a complex detection circuit having a high time-resolution becomes unnecessary, and it enables to simplify the configuration and to reduce manufacturing cost.

Image display apparatus that detects pointing element using imaging device

Disclosed is an image display apparatus (1), including; an LD (2) for modulating and emitting visible light; a light scanning device (4) for scanning the light from the LD (2) and the LD (2) to a plane (P1) synchronically; an image capturing part (5) for obtaining an image (G1) displayed on the plane (P1); and an image processing part (6) for determining existence of an indicating means for indicating a finger at random positions on the image (G1) according to the change in time of the image (G1) captured by the image capturing part (5) Even if a human finger is used as the indicating means, one may also determine the existence of an image indicator made by the finger As such, this invention intends to reduce the component number Furthermore, as compared to the conventional image display device in the form that first emits invisible light, and then detects the position of the indicating means in relation to the timing that the light of the invisible light reflected by the indicating means is received, this invention needs not complicated detection circuits with high time analysis capability, so as to simplify the structure and reduce the manufacturing cost

Image display apparatus

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Moving structure and micro-mirror device using the same

Image display apparatus that detects pointing element using imaging device

Image display apparatus