A review of the biological information published after 1980 is provided for three species of the genus Amaranthus: A. retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. hybridus L. The three species are ...

The biology of Canadian weeds. 130. Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. hybridus L.

A review of biological information is provided for three species of the genus Amaranthus: A. albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L. The last species has been revised taxonomically and a ...

/pdf/the-biology-of-canadian-weeds-126-amaranthus-albus-l-a-4w4pyxtc52.pdf

The biology of Canadian weeds. 126. Amaranthus albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L.

The objective of this work is to prepare an Inventory about the viral and bacterial diseases of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) and to study their Geographical distribution in the world. Fifteen viruses were considered as pathogens on the olive tree, these viruses were reported in 22 countries in five continents showing different symptoms on different olive tree varieties. All viruses were reported in Italy, some of these viruses were found only in the Eurepean continent, such as Olive vein yellows associated virus (OVYaV), Olive yellow mottling and decline associated virus (OYMDaV), Olive mild mosaic virus (OMMV) and Olive semilatent virus (OSLV). Two bacteria were reported as pathogen on the olive tree; Pseudomonas savastanoi. pv. savastanoi responsible bacteria of thr olive knot; a serious disease of olive (Olea europaea L.) in the Mediterranean region. This bacteria was detected in 22 countries in five continents, the majority of these countries exist in the Mediterranean Basin. Another bacteria was Xylella fastidiosa responsible of the quick decline syndrome of olive (OQDS), was deteted in Europe in four countries (Italy, Spain, Portugal and Slovenia) and in America in three countries (USA, Argentina and Brazil). Phtoplasmas was reported in 5 countries in three continents (Europe, Asia and Australia).

Inventory and world geographical distribution of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and phytoplasma

Germplasm screening and inheritance analysis of resistance to cabbage black rot in a worldwide collection of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) resources

Common heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum L.) is an herbaceous Mediterranean summer annual that grows on areas devoid of vegetation in the dry-land cropping region located in the north-west of the state of Victoria, Australia. This region is known as the Mallee, and common heliotrope is considered a weed here because it transpires soil water that could otherwise be used by ensuing crops, and is toxic to livestock. In this study, laboratory experiments have shown that germination of seeds of common heliotrope is not limited by light, cold treatment, or a leacheable inhibitor. Temperature and water potential (and perhaps depth inhibition) are the principal environmental factors that limit germination. Although 100 % of seeds will germinate under optimal conditions, these conditions are rarely met in the field, and the percentage of seeds that germinate at sub-optimal conditions changes seasonally and between Australian populations. This is the principal mechanism of dormancy in the species, ensuring that seeds do not germinate when conditions are unfavourable for continued growth and that in the field, germination of a seed population is fractional, spreading risk temporally. Germination of seeds of common heliotrope does not conform to the assumptions of the hydrothermal time model frequently used to predict field emergence of weed species. Field observations and simulated rainfall experiments on a consistent soil type (Calcarosol with a clay loam surface texture and clay subsoil) indicated that approximately 20 mm of rainfall is the minimum amount required for germination and emergence of common heliotrope. Field experiments using lysimeters indicated that this is also the amount required for minimal reproduction on the same soil type. Although common heliotrope can successfully reproduce upon the rainfall event which causes its germination, its growth is indeterminate, and further access to moisture will result in massively increased reproductive output. Plants will continue to grow and produce seed over summer until they are killed by drought or senesce in autumn. Laboratory and field studies showed that root growth in common heliotrope is relatively slow, and is opportunistic in areas where moisture becomes available. Simulation of soil water and temperature fluxes showed that soil type has a large impact on the amount and duration of water potential that seeds and plants are exposed to. In the case of common heliotrope, this is critical in determining regional prevalence and

The ecology of common heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum L.) in a Mediterranean dry-land cropping system

Black rot of crucifers in Jordan: sources of inoculum.

Black rot disease of crucifera in jordan: host range, and response of some crucifer cultivars to the disease

Black rot disease of Cruciferae in Jordan: host range, and response of some crucifer cultivars to the disease.

Field inspection indicated that olive knot bacteria occur in different olive trees growing areas in Jordan including: Amman (Alhashmi Alshamali, Aljubiha, Dahiet Alrashid, Tla’a Ali and Wadi Assir), Madaba’a (Alsamik), Alkarak (Alrabah, Faculty of Agriculture, Mou’ta University) and Irbid (Aljohfieh) Olive knot bacteria were collected from different host plants grown in different locations in Jordan including: Jerash, Wadi Shouaib and Dairalla One hundred isolates of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv savastanoi were obtained from naturally infected olive trees Another 30 isolates of the same microorganism were obtained from other host plants from different locations in Jordan
The iaaL gene was detected by PCR amplification from 82% of DNA extracts from sap of knots formed on naturally infected olives and 97% from bacterial cultures, respectively Pathogenic Ps savastanoi pv savastanoi was recovered on KB medium from 55% of the collected isolates Detection of iaaL gene of the tested isolates was found to be more efficient in detecting Ps savastanoi than by isolation on KB medium and the pathogenicity test Culturing the isolates on KB medium prior to the iaaL amplification greatly improved the PCR efficiency The iaaL gene was detected in 80%, 90% and 90% of the isolates obtained from naturally infected oleander, jasmine and ziziphus, respectively
Moreover, Ps savastanoi pv savastanoi was isolated from symptomless olive plants, and iaaL gene was detected using PCR amplification The results indicated that PCR was more efficient in detecting olive knot bacteria by iaaL amplification than by isolation on KB medium followed by the pathogenicity test

https://journals.ju.edu.jo/DirasatAgr/article/viewFile/1553/1543

Detection of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi from Olive and Other Hosts by Polymersae Chain Reaction (PCR)

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Black rot of crucifers in Jordan: sources of inoculum.

Black rot disease of Cruciferae in Jordan: host range, and response of some crucifer cultivars to the disease.

Detection of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi from Olive and Other Hosts by Polymersae Chain Reaction (PCR)