Nowadays, numerous journals and conferences have published articles related to context-aware systems, indicating many researchers' interest. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to review the works that were published in journals, suggest a new classification framework of context-aware systems, and explore each feature of classification framework. This paper is based on a literature review of context-aware systems from 2000 to 2007 using a keyword index and article title search. The classification framework is developed based on the architecture of context-aware systems, which consists of the following five layers: concept and research layer, network layer, middleware layer, application layer and user infrastructure layer. The articles are categorized based on the classification framework. This paper allows researchers to extract several lessons learned that are important for the implementation of context-aware systems.

Context-aware systems

On-body communication channels are of increasing interest for a number of applications, such as medical-sensor networks, emergency-service workers, and personal communications. This paper describes investigations into channel characterization and antenna performance at 2.45 GHz. It is shown that significant channel fading occurs during normal activity, due primarily to the dynamic nature of the human body, but also due to multipath around the body and from scattering by the environment. This fading can be mitigated by the use of antenna diversity, and gains of up to 10 dB are obtained. Separation of the antenna's performance from the channel characteristics is difficult, but results show that for many channels, an antenna polarized normal to the body's surface gives the best path gain. Simulation and modeling present many challenges, particularly in terms of the problem's scale, and the need for accurate modeling of the body and its movement.

Antennas and propagation for on-body communication systems

Computer vision techniques for construction safety and health monitoring

Recent technological developments have led to the production of inexpensive, non-invasive, miniature magneto-inertial sensors, ideal for obtaining sport performance measures during training or competition. This systematic review evaluates current evidence and the future potential of their use in sport performance evaluation. Articles published in English (April 2017) were searched in Web-of-Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and Sport-Discus databases. A keyword search of titles, abstracts and keywords which included studies using accelerometers, gyroscopes and/or magnetometers to analyse sport motor-tasks performed by athletes (excluding risk of injury, physical activity, and energy expenditure) resulted in 2040 papers. Papers and reference list screening led to the selection of 286 studies and 23 reviews. Information on sport, motor-tasks, participants, device characteristics, sensor position and fixing, experimental setting and performance indicators was extracted. The selected papers dealt with motor capacity assessment (51 papers), technique analysis (163), activity classification (19), and physical demands assessment (61). Focus was placed mainly on elite and sub-elite athletes (59%) performing their sport in-field during training (62%) and competition (7%). Measuring movement outdoors created opportunities in winter sports (8%), water sports (16%), team sports (25%), and other outdoor activities (27%). Indications on the reliability of sensor-based performance indicators are provided, together with critical considerations and future trends.

Trends Supporting the In-Field Use of Wearable Inertial Sensors for Sport Performance Evaluation: A Systematic Review

We have recently observed a convergence of technologies to foster the emergence of lifelogging as a mainstream activity. Computer storage has become significantly cheaper, and advancements in sensing technology allows for the efficient sensing of personal activities, locations and the environment. This is best seen in the growing popularity of the quantified self movement, in which life activities are tracked using wearable sensors in the hope of better understanding human performance in a variety of tasks. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of lifelogging, to cover its research history, current technologies, and applications. Thus far, most of the lifelogging research has focused predominantly on visual lifelogging, hence we maintain this focus in this review. However, we also reflect on the challenges lifelogging poses for information access and retrieval in general. This review is a suitable reference for those seeking an information retrieval scientist's perspective on lifelogging and the quantified self.

/pdf/lifelogging-personal-big-data-3lrkb80bdr.pdf

Lifelogging: Personal Big Data

This paper presents a tool to measure the comfort of wearable computers. The comfort rating scales (CRS) measure wearable comfort across 6 dimensions. These dimensions are Emotion, Attachment, Harm, Perceived change, Movement and Anxiety. This paper also presents two studies in which the CRS have been used to assess the comfort of two types of wearable technology currently being developed at the University of Birmingham, these are the SensVest and the /spl chi//sup 3/. The results of the studies show that the CRS can be used to aid designers and manufacturers focus on what modifications are needed to wearable computer design to make them more comfortable. They also show that assessments of wearable computer comfort must be made in situations and environments to which the computer will ultimately be introduced.

/pdf/the-comfort-assessment-of-wearable-computers-2mrhi6cjbi.pdf

The comfort assessment of wearable computers

This paper presents work, assessing the use of accelerometers in wearable systems for a number of applications. It discusses and demonstrates how body mounted accelerometers can be used in context aware computing systems and for measuring aspects of human performance, which may be used for teaching and demonstrating skill acquisition, coaching sporting activities, sports and human movement research, and teaching subjects such as physics and physical education. Analysis is restricted to considerations as to how raw data can be used, and how simple calculations of quantities of data in the time domain, can be used. The limitations of the use of such data are discussed.

/pdf/uses-of-accelerometer-data-collected-from-a-wearable-system-594203c2hz.pdf

Uses of accelerometer data collected from a wearable system

Defining ‘context’ has proved to be a non-trivial problem for research in context-awareness. In this paper we address two questions: what features of activity are required to define context? and does the use of context-awareness measurably improve user performance? The first question was addressed by a study of everyday activities, using a Photo Diary method to arrive at a set of Context Identifiers. We feel that it is important to discover what features of activity are needed in order to describe context. Two user trials were carried out to address the second question. We conclude that the use of context improves user task proficiency.

/pdf/defining-and-evaluating-context-for-wearable-computing-53mmnndh83.pdf

Defining and evaluating context for wearable computing

This paper is concerned with the application of context -aware computing to museums and art galleries. The paper reports three studies addressing this issue. The first study involved a survey of visitors to an art gallery and focused on visitor activity and information requirements. This led to the conclusion that one could define visitor types and relate these to the amount, and level of detail, of information for the visitor types. The second study involves a comparative evaluation of different platforms for augmenting museums and art galleries through physical hyperspace. The evaluation demonstrates that the approach is viable. The third study considers different media for presenting information to different user groups. British or Japanese students were presented with either textual or text + picture presentations of information. Differences in performance across groups and media were found. Implications for context -sensitive computing in museums and art galleries are discussed.

Augmenting Museums and Art Galleries.

Does the use of a wearable context-aware computer increase task proficiency? User trials have been carried out in an attempt to answer this question. The study involves WECAPC software developed to ran on the /spl chi//sup 3/ wearable computer. The trials demonstrate that a wearable computer with simple context-awareness yields superior performance to either Internet search or realworld activity. Thus, we conclude that the use of context does indeed improve user task proficiency.

Evaluating contextual information for wearable computing

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