Wide-bandgap (> 1.7 eV) perovskites suffer from severe light-induced phase segregation due to high bromine content, causing irreversible damage to device stability. However, the strategies of suppressing photoinduced phase segregation and related mechanisms have not been fully disclosed. Here, we report a new passivation agent 4-aminotetrahydrothiopyran hydrochloride (4-ATpHCl) with multifunctional groups for the interface treatment of a 1.77-eV wide-bandgap perovskite film. 4-ATpH+ impeded halogen ion migration by anchoring on the perovskite surface, leading to the inhibition of phase segregation and thus the passivation of defects, which is ascribed to the interaction of 4-ATpH+ with perovskite and the formation of low-dimensional perovskites. Finally, the champion device achieved an efficiency of 19.32% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.314 V and a fill factor of 83.32%. Moreover, 4-ATpHCl modified device exhibited significant improved stability as compared with control one. The target device maintained 80% of its initial efficiency after 519 h of maximum power output (MPP) tracking under 1 sun illumination, however, the control device showed a rapid decrease in efficiency after 267 h. Finally, an efficiency of 27.38% of 4-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells was achieved by mechanically stacking this wide-bandgap top subcell with a 1.25-eV low-bandgap perovskite bottom subcell. 

Phase-stable wide-bandgap perovskites enabled by suppressed ion migration

Abstract The power conversion efficiency of Pb-based single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has surpassed 26%; however, the biocompatibility concerns associated with Pb pose threats to both the environment and living organisms. Consequently, the development of Pb-free PSCs is imperative. Among the various alternatives to Pb-based PSCs, Sn-based PSCs have exhibited outstanding optoelectronic properties, showing great potential for large-scale manufacturing and commercialization. Nevertheless, there remains a significant efficiency gap between Sn-based and Pb-based PSCs. The disparity primarily stems from substantial open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficits in Sn-based PSCs, typically ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 V. The main reason of VOC deficits is severe non-radiative recombination losses, which are caused by the uncontrolled crystallization kinetics of Sn halide perovskites and the spontaneous oxidation of Sn2+. This review summarizes the reasons for VOC deficits in Sn-based PSCs, and the corresponding strategies to mitigate these issues. Additionally, it outlines the persistent challenges and future prospects for Sn-based PSCs, providing guidance to assist researchers in developing more efficient and stable Sn-based perovskites. 

Open-Circuit Voltage Deficits in Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Weak bonding between the perovskite and charge transport layers can lead to interfacial defects, hindering charge transfer and limiting the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this issue, two halogenated spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene]‐based molecules (SFX‐DM‐F and SFX‐DM‐Cl) are designed as an interfacial layer between perovskite and hole transport materials (HTMs). Both first‐principles simulations and experimental results are used to demonstrate that these halogenated interfacial layers improve the contact stability between perovskite's Pb(II) and HTMs, increasing the efficiency of charge transfer. The similar structure of interlayer to HTM also enhances the interfacial hole transfer integral, favoring effective hole transport. The PSCs based on SFX‐DM‐Cl achieve power conversion efficiencies of 24.8% (0.0625 cm2) and 23.1% (1 cm2). Even after 2000 h at a relative humidity of 15–20%, the unencapsulated PSC retains 94% of its initial efficiency. This work proposes the halogenated homologous HTMs as interfacial molecular bridges to optimize weak chemical bonds and hole transfer, thereby enabling efficient and stable PSCs.

Halogenated Hole Selective Contact Enhances Interfacial Weak Bonding of Perovskite Solar Cells

Unlocking durability and efficiency in perovskite solar cells via sulfur -based thiazoline engineered passivation

The development of high-efficiency and stabilized tandem solar cells and solar cells for indoor light harvesting relies heavily on the fabrication of wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that exhibit exceptional efficiency and stability. In this study, we introduce an effective method for enhancing the optoelectronic properties of a 1.74 eV WBG perovskite absorber by interfacial engineering. Specifically, we utilize 4F-Phenethylammonium Chloride (4F-PEACL) as a key component for the surface treatment of perovskite layer. The treatment of perovskite with 4F-PEACL alters the surface stoichiometry, promoting self-doping and surface passivation, reducing surface recombination, and improving the optoelectronic properties of perovskite. Consequently, PCSs with perovskite treated with 4F-PEACL exhibit a notable power conversion efficiency of 20.27%. Furthermore, the devices subjected to 4F-PEACL treatment demonstrate enhanced stability compared to the control devices across a range of testing settings. The findings of our study indicate that the utilization of organic salt perovskite passivation holds great potential in the development of efficient and stable WBG PSCs. 

4F-Phenethylammonium Chloride as a Key Component for Interfacial Engineering of Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Absorber

A thiazolidine-based interfacial modification strategy is developed for wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells to promote the efficiency to 20.02% with a reduced VOC deficit of 0.51 V, along with good near-infrared transmittance.

Reduced open-circuit voltage deficit in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells enabled by thiazolidine-based interfacial engineering

This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a mandibular defect after tumor resection with an implant-supported overdenture and the attachment selection as guided by 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Autologous bone grafting was declined by the patient who demanded the restoration of lateral appearance and mastication function. Three implants were placed based on the condition of the bone, and a satisfactory definitive prosthesis was provided that corresponded with the results of the finite element analysis. 

An implant-supported overdenture for a mandibular defect after tumor resection guided by 3-dimensional finite element analysis: A clinical report.

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Reduced open-circuit voltage deficit in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells enabled by thiazolidine-based interfacial engineering

An implant-supported overdenture for a mandibular defect after tumor resection guided by 3-dimensional finite element analysis: A clinical report.