Gerald Schubert

TL;DR: In this article, the Nusselt-Rayleigh number relation is used to model the rate at which heat escapes from the inner core of the Earth and Mars, and the models include realistic pressure and composition-dependent freezing curves for the core, and material parameters are chosen so that the correct present day values of heat outflow, upper mantle temperature and viscosity, and inner core radius are obtained for the earth.

TL;DR: P perturbations of the external magnetic fields (associated with Jupiter's inner magnetosphere) in the vicinity of both Europa and Callisto are reported, and it is argued that these conducting layers may best be explained by the presence of salty liquid-water oceans.

TL;DR: In this article, numerical modeling of mantle convection in a spherical shell with an endothermic phase change at 670 km depth reveals an inherently three-dimensional flow pattern, containing cylindrical plumes and linear sheets which behave differently in their ability to penetrate the phase change.

TL;DR: High-resolution Galileo spacecraft images of Europa are presented, in which evidence for mobile ‘icebergs’ is found and the detailed morphology of the terrain strongly supports the presence of liquid water at shallow depths below the surface, either today or at some time in the past.