Background and Aim: The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledged coronavirus epidemic as a pandemic and declared the outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern. Emerging research has suggested that these various restrictions, as well as the fear of the virus itself, may have caused children to experience negative mental health consequences. Due to increased amounts of time spent at home the parents need to be aware about the changes in the mental and physical health of the children. This study, thus aimed to survey the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on physical and mental health of school-going children. Material(s) and Method(s): A cross sectional survey was designed to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the physical and mental health of children. The data is collected with the use of online survey platform. A semi structured questionnaire was developed with several open and close ended questions to examine the effect of lockdown on the mental and physical health of the children from parent-reported changes. Any mental health issues and emotional problems newly emerged or aggravated during lockdown were also enlisted. Another objective was to determine the level of awareness amongst parents about the importance of PA for the child. Result(s): A total of 200 children were included in the study. When the comparison was done in time from before and after lockdown, it was found that the hours spent on mobile were increased from 2 hours to 5 hours. There was significant decrease in the time spend for physical activity. A total of 65% of the respondents reported that there was change in the behaviour of the children. Around 58% of the children had shown the physical changes like eyestrain, fatigue, neck pain, head ache, lower back pain and major problem with increase in weight of children. Conclusion(s): More research is needed to improve our understanding of the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's mental health, especially with regards to the identification of protective factors found in children who may have been less affected by the pandemic. Copyright © 2023, Institute of Medico-legal Publication. All rights reserved.

The Impact of Covid -19 on Physical and Mental Health of Children: A Descriptive Study

Introduction: PEM is the most important and basic hurdle in the triple-M complex of malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. Very high mortality has been reported in severe PEM. PEM is found to account for about 4 million deaths in children. The study aimed to perform a fecal occult blood test in patients in the age group of six months to five years and also to identify the conditions associated with fecal occult blood loss in pem patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 indoor patients of PEM admitted in our pediatric ward were taken as subjects in this study. According to WHO and IAP classification of PEM, severe malnutrition (marasmus, kwashiorkor, and marasmic kwashiorkor) were taken as study group; and mild grades of PEM (grade I and grade II) were taken as a control group.
Results: In severe PEM, marasmus (83%) was more common followed by kwashiorkor (14%) and marasmic kwashiorkor (3%); however in mild grades of PEM, grade I PEM was found in 58% and grade II PEM was found in 42%. In severe PEM, pallor (64%), hair changes (38%), and tachypnoea(31%) were major clinical signs; while tachypnoea(36%), dehydration (26%), and pallor (20%} were major clinical signs in patients with mild grades of PEM.
Conclusion: A positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is strongly associated with moderate to severe anemia in severe PEM patients. So all patients having a positive FOBT should have a hemogram profile done and then appropriately treated for anemia.

/pdf/screening-for-fecal-occult-blood-loss-in-severely-5gnvevhfa8.pdf

Screening for fecal occult blood loss in severely malnourished children

Introduction: Western experience shows that with subsequent waves of corona virus disease-2019 (Covid-19), children were affected more and required hospitalization. Universal Covid-19 vaccination among children is difficult to advocate given the low severity of Covid-19 in this age group. Objectives: This study assesses vaccine hesitancy (VH) among an urban-majority survey-population in Ahmedabad, Gujarat and the factors bearing on it. Method: A 26-point questionnaire was circulated among parents with children up to 18 years of age online as well as offline, assessing age, education, urban vs. rural dwelling, previous Covid-19 and Covid-19 vaccination status and the existing information regarding Covid-19 in children in previous and impending waves. Intention of the respondents to vaccinate their children immediately, wait-and-watch or not vaccinate at all and reasons leading to it were explored. The primary outcome was VH (wait-and-watch or not-opting-tovaccinate). Intention to vaccinate immediately was taken as reference. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess the association of outcome with age, gender, education, previous Covid-19 and vaccination status. Analysis was done using STATA-16 software.Results: Of 1102 respondents, VH was reported by 37.6%. Respondents who were older, females, unvaccinated, believed Covid-19 would not be more severe among children and those having safety concerns with vaccines were more likely to report VH. Vaccine related information obtained from healthcare workers was associated with the least VH. Rapid development and approval of vaccines did not affect VH. Conclusions: Age, gender, Covid-19 vaccination status of parents and perception of severity of Covid-19 among children were major determinants of VH in our study. Source of vaccine-related (mis)information concerns related to short and long-term safety of vaccines was significantly associated with VH © Open Access Article published under the Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY License

Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in a western Indian urban population: A parental survey

Objectives: Present study was done with following objectives: Follow up of At risk NICU graduates for Growth and Neurodevelopmental outcome at 12 to 18 months of age using CDC-KIMS model, to study the risk stratification profile of these graduates and its impact on Neurodevelopmental impairment and to develop risk score from the risk stratification profile.Material and Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study in neonates with risk factor for developing Neurodevelopmental impairment were followed up for a period of one and a half year to observe their neurodevelopmental outcome. The study was conducted at the High Risk Newborn follow up Clinic of the Department of Pediatrics, SSG hospital, Vadodara. Ninety patients completed 12 to 18 months follow up, who were analyzed in the final results. High Risk grading and stratification was done according to the CDC-KIMS model. All the perinatal details and their course in the NICU were noted in the predesigned Proforma.Results: The Male: Female ration observed in the total hospital admissions during our period of study was 1.3:1. There was a significant difference seen when the different risk groups were compared for their stay in NICU and total hospital stay. The mean length values did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) between the risk groups at birth and on follow up at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months with 95% confidence limit. There is a significant chance (P< 0.05) of abnormal DASII and mild delay in the group having complex course / hypoxia, apnea, hypotension.Conclusion: CDC-KIMS model for neuron developmental follow up is user friendly. At the time of discharge At risk new born should stratified into mild, moderate and high risk group should have detailed initial assessment.

https://www.paediatricjournal.com/article/view/64/3-1-13

Neurodevelopmental outcome of At Risk Newborns at 18 month of Age (Using CDC-KIMS Model)

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy, prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, poses signicant risks to both mother and child, including
neonatal complications, low birth weight, and increased infant mortality. Factors such as early marriage, limited education, and poverty contribute
to this issue. Methods: This cross-sectional record-based study, conducted at Civil Hospital, Palanpur, from January2023 to June 2023, aimed to
assess adverse neonatal outcomes in adolescent pregnancies. The study included 162 pregnant females aged 10 to 19 years who gave birth at the
hospital, and data were collected from medical and neonatal health records. Findings revealed key information about maternal age, gestational age,
neonatal birth weight, and adverse outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal complications in this adolescent pregnancy
population Results:Astudy conducted between January and June 2023 reported 162 adolescent pregnancies, with 90.74% being rst gravida and
9.25% second gravida. Outcomes revealed that 68.51% reached full term, 31.48% were preterm, and a signicant proportion of neonates faced low
birth weights, with 3.09% ELBW, 17.90% VLBW, and 61.72% LBW. Among these infants, 69.13% required NICU admission, while 30.86%
received routine care after birth. Conclusion: This study highlights the alarming rates of adverse neonatal outcomes in adolescent pregnancies,
emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive healthcare strategies to enhance the well-being of both young mothers and
their newborns

Adverse neonatal out come in adolescent pregnancy

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