Built environments at many scales influence the type and amount of food consumed. Macroscale food systems and food landscapes influence food choices, and microscale rooms, furniture, containers, an...

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0013916506295574

Kitchenscapes, Tablescapes, Platescapes, and Foodscapes Influences of Microscale Built Environments on Food Intake

Human geography focuses on the ways that humans interact with each other and with the environment, illuminating the complex processes and nature of our global society. This book presents the full range of this remarkable field, presenting nearly 300 pertinent models, concepts, theories, and people associated with human geography. It is the first encyclopedia devoted exclusively to human geography and will be an indispensable guide for high school students taking AP Human Geography, a useful supplement to college texts, and a valuable guide for researchers. AP Human Geography is a new offering in many high schools, and the entries in this encyclopedia were selected with input from AP teachers of the subject. The entries reach back to the ancient Greeks, such as Herodotus, and also cover current manmade crises, such as urban sprawl. Suggested readings, a selected bibliography, and photos complement the text.

/pdf/encyclopedia-of-human-geography-3jwl5itdqi.pdf

Encyclopedia of Human Geography

Built environments at many scales influence the type and amount of food consumed. Macro-scale food systems and food landscapes influence food choices, and micro-scale rooms, furniture, containers, and objects influence food intake. We review literature about how four ubiquitous micro-scale built environments are persistent but often unrecognized influences on food intake. Kitchenscapes influence food intake through availability, diversity, and visibility of foods; tablescapes through variety, abundance, and accessibility; platescapes through portion/package size, arrangement, and utensil type; and foodscapes through food item forms and landmarks. Micro-geographies of built environments provide a subtle, pervasive, and often unconscious influence on food choices, food intake, obesity, and health. Re-engineering built environments may offer opportunities to shape food intake.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2718558_code117325.pdf?abstractid=2718558&mirid=1

Kitchenscapes, Tabelscapes, Platescapes and Foodscapes: Influences of Micro-Scale Built Environments on Food Intake

‘Free prior and informed consent’, social complexity and the mining industry: Establishing a knowledge base

We investigated the relationship between a 2000-year history of nomadic migration and climate change in historical China. By using updated data and statistical methods, the study solved several unanswered questions from past research about the relationship between climate change and the nomadic migration, especially over the long term and on a large spatial scale. The study used correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and Granger causality analysis to quantitatively verify the following causal pathway: climate change → nomadic migration → conflicts between pastoralists and agriculturalists. In the long term, precipitation was a statistically more influential factor on nomadic migration than temperature in historical China. How climate change affects the migration of nomadic minorities in the long term is theoretically explained based on the Push-Pull model as well as statistical evidence.

https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol19/iss2/art68/ES-2014-6528.pdf

Long-term relationship between climate change and nomadic migration in historical China

This is a revised edition of an introduction to population geography for the general student. The basic concepts of demography are described in simple terms. The geographic focus is worldwide. (ANNOTATION)

Population geography, problems, concepts, and prospects

This volume provides brief essays and bibliographies for selected concepts in human geography including the subfields of cultural geography economic geography behavioral geography population geography political geography and urban geography. More than 100 entries are included in the dictionary and are dealt with in a uniform four-part way. Each entry includes a definition of concepts a section on the historical growth of the term a bibliography of relevant material and a listing of additional sources for further study. The book is intended as an introduction to the subject of human geography for both the beginning student and the mature scholar. The geographical focus is worldwide. (EXCERPT)

Dictionary of concepts in human geography

VITICULTURE has been a component in California agriculture for more than two centuries. Regional viticultural associations in the state have responded to the changing fortunes, consumer habits, and socioeconomic circumstances. Geographical analyses of the ever-changing patterns of viticulture in the state have been minimal, although "viticulture undoubtedly is the most geographically expressive of all agricultural industries."' The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of changes primarily since 1970 in the geography of viticulture in California. The focus is on the principal responses to the steadily rising demand for California wines. Sweeping geographical changes have occurred in a search for sites for new vineyards to produce more and better wine grapes. Production of wine has expanded in traditional grape-growing areas, and new areas have been brought into production.2 These changes have led to the designation of official viticultural areas. Primarily shaped by topography and proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the changing pattern of viticulture in California can best be understood by examination of the shifting distributions of selected varieties of premium grapes. Two native species of grapes grow in California, but viticulture is associated with imported European varieties. Viticulture began in the second half of the eighteenth century when Spanish missionaries from Mexico introduced a variety of Vitis vinifera, popularly known now as the mission grape, to make wine for their communion rites. The industry that resulted from this introduction grew erratically during the next two centuries. The current upswing in California viticulture began in the 1960s, although the greatest changes have occurred since 1970. Of primary importance in the recent history of California viticulture was the opening of a winery by Robert Mondavi near Oakville in the Napa Valley (Fig. 1). This winery represented the first important commercial use of technological innovations that had revolutionized wine making since the mid-1960s. A primary change was the use of stainless steel containers for fermentation together with temperature control during the process, especially for white wines (Fig. 2). Slow, cool fermentation maintains fruitiness in white wines as well as other types like blanc de noir that have become very popular in California. These innovations diffused quickly to wine-making regions in Europe, Australia, and

http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/215027.pdf

Trends in California Viticulture

The City: Patterns And Processes In The Urban Ecosystem

United States and is likely to be of major importance in the future energy policy of this country. Of concern to many planners are the land use implications of increased production of coal, especially the increasing percentage and the changing spatial pattern of production coming from strip mines (Fig. i). Although the Appalachian region presently produces the bulk of the coal in the United States, primarily from underground mines, indications are that future production from western fields will take a larger share of the coal market at the expense of eastern production.' Some of the largest coal deposits in the country are located just east of the Rocky Mountains, notably in the states of Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, and Colorado (Fig. 2). Located at depths of o0 to 150 feet, the bulk of these coal seams are well suited for strip mining and would have a recovery rate of more than 70 percent. Although the BTU content is somewhat lower than that of eastern coal, western coal is low in sulfur content and, therefore, desirable for utilization in the generation of electricity. The land use implications and spatial allocation decisions involved with the increase of mining activities in the West is of major concern to the future of energy production in the United States. In this paper we focus on decisions that involve competitive land uses, in particular those that relate to the extraction of exhaustible natural resources. We examine the marketplace as one device used in making such decisions and consider the dangers involved in leaving these matters solely to it. Guidelines for spatial allocation decisions are outlined in an effort to incorporate nonmarket factors relevant to land use decisions concerning mining. We also consider the impact of mining on regional income and employment. THE MARKET Watkins, Colorado, is not in the forefront of discussions about mining or the energy crisis. It is a rural community in a nation that is urban; it is on the High Plains in a state known for its mountains. But it has coal. Inconveniently, Watkins also has considerable amounts of grazing land devoted to the production of beef, and it offers pleasant living to people who seek escape from the urban ills-but not the jobs-of nearby Denver. Coal mining, cattle grazing, and urbanization are not compatible activities; they may even make disagreeable neighbors. As a result Watkins, like other communities rich in resources, is faced with important land use choices that will determine the fundamental quality of the area and the nature of its growth.2 Consider, then, a hypothetical rancher in Watkins, on whose ranch deposits of coal have been discovered. The rancher has worked his thousand acres for the past fifty years. He owns

Mining, markets, and land use

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