物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

In the context of Web Service Composition Languages (WSCLs), there is on ongoing debate on the best foundation for Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS’s): Petri nets or Pi calculus. Example of PAIS’s are Workflow Management (WFM), Business Process Management (BPM), Business-to-Business (B2B), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Clearly, the web service paradigm will change the architecture of these systems dramatically. Triggered by industry standards such as SOAP, WSDL, UDDI, etc., standards are being proposed for orchestrating web services. Examples of such WSCLs are BPEL4WS, BPML, WSFL, WSCI, WS-CDL, and XLANG. In the debate on Petri nets versus Pi calculus, many players in the "WSCL marketplace" are using demagogic arguments not based on concrete facts. This short note is an attempt to create a more mature discussion on the pros and cons of Petri nets and Pi calculus for WSCLs. A simple example is given to illustrate fundamental differences between Petri nets and Pi calculus. The paper also states seven challenges, in particular for those advocating the use of Pi calculus. Hopefully, this note will contribute to expose the people who try to "hype" things like Pi calculus only for marketing purposes. Note that the big discrepancy between the "Pi-hype" and reality will not only limit the applicability of WSCLs but will also discredit a beautiful scientific framework like Pi calculus.

/pdf/pi-calculus-versus-petri-nets-let-us-eat-humble-pie-rather-2lrlwcgldx.pdf

Pi calculus versus petri nets: let us eat humble pie rather than further inflate the Pi hype

A server-based application includes at least one page file that identifies one or more server objects. The page file describes the particular layout and interaction of the server objects, such as controls, in such a way that a page of information may be transmitted to a target device. When designing the page file a developer may use declarative statement, so that certain properties of the specified controls may be altered based on the particular type of target device.

Inserting devices specific content

A powerful methodology for scenario-based specification of reactive systems is described, in which the behavior is "played in" directly from the system's GUI or some abstract version thereof, and can then be "played out". The approach is supported and illustrated by a tool, which we call the play-engine. As the behavior is played in, the play-engine automatically generates a formal version in an extended version of the language of live sequence charts (LSCs). As they are played out, it causes the application to react according to the universal ("must") parts of the specification; the existential ("may") parts can be monitored to check their successful completion. Play-in is a user-friendly high-level way of specifying behavior and play-out is a rather surprising way of working with a fully operational system directly from its inter-object requirements. The ideas appear to be relevant to many stages of system development, including requirements engineering, specification, testing, analysis and implementation.

/pdf/specifying-and-executing-behavioral-requirements-the-play-in-4ineecwi7y.pdf

Specifying and executing behavioral requirements: the play-in/play-out approach

Web control validation may be defined using one or more declarations that are included in an ASP+ file by the web page author. The declarations specify server-side objects that validate the input data received in the web page and provide error handling in the event of a validation failure error. Validation declaration parameters specify the validation criteria against which the input data is validated. Example validation operations involve regular expressions, required fields, data comparison, range comparison and custom validation. Validation parameters can also specify- either server-side validation or client-side validation, depending on the client browser's capabilities. In a server-side scenario, a server-side validation object processes the input data received in an HTTP request from the client. In a client-side scenario, a server-side validation object renders the appropriate client-side code to validate the input data without a round trip between the client and the server.

Web controls validation

Renew is a computer tool that supports the development and execution of object-oriented Petri nets, which include net instances, synchronous channels, and seamless Java integration for easy modelling. Renew is available free of charge including the Java source code. Due to the growing application area more and more requirements had to be fulfilled by the tool set. Therefore, the architecture of the tool has been refactored to gain more flexibility. Now new features allow for plug-ins on the level of concepts (net formalisms) and on the level of applications (e.g. workflow or agents).

/pdf/an-extensible-editor-and-simulation-engine-for-petri-nets-2d6dem0odx.pdf

An extensible editor and simulation engine for Petri nets: RENEW

Based on Y. Shoham's paradigm, called Agent-Oriented Programming (AOP), multi-agent-systems are presented as a specialization of distributed, Object-Oriented systems. Equipped with knowledge, general concurrent inference mechanisms dealing with this knowledge, and a declarative agent program, these multi-agent-systems are intended to be a foundation of a new approach uniting advantages of many contributing areas: The precise semantics of Petri nets, the abstraction and encapsulation proposed in Object-Oriented approaches, and the power of logic programming, making it easy to adopt well-known AI-methods. As an example, an urban traffic information system will be designed which solves path searching problems in a distributed graph.

Multi-Agent-Systems Based on Coloured Petri Nets

A schema-oriented content management system, in particular to an apparatus and a method for storing and accessing data in a content management system which allows content schema evolution while maintaining operation based on already stored content data. A data processing apparatus for storing and accessing data in a content management system comprises a content object generation arrangement for generating content objects to store content data, wherein a content object comprises a plurality of property-value bindings, a content object storing arrangement for storing generated content objects, a content schema generation arrangement for generating an object-oriented content schema to model content data, a content schema storing arrangement for storing the generated content schema, and a content object accessing arrangement to access stored content objects by way of the stored content schema.

Schema-oriented content management system

The primary task of a work ow management system is to enact case-driven business processes by joining several perspectives, including the controlow perspective, the resource perspective, the data perspective, the task perspective, and the operation perspective. In this paper, we propose reference nets, a particular class of Petri nets where the tokens can be references to other Petri nets, as a technique for clearly specifying each of the perspectives and the relation between these perspectives. The \nets in nets" paradigm o ered by reference nets also allows to model mobility of a business object like a work ow instance, a resource, a data element, a task, or an operation. Therefore, reference nets are particularly suitable for specifying and enacting interorganizational work ows. To hide aspects only relevant for a single organization, we use advanced inheritance concepts to facilitate the exchange of business objects across organizational boundaries. To show the applicability of the approach, we have implemented a simple work ow engine using Renew: a Java-based interpreter of reference nets.

Enacting interorganizational workflows using nets in nets

Extreme modeling

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