The development of a human respiration carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement device to evaluate cardiorespiratory status inside and outside a hospital setting has proven to be a challenging area of research over the few last decades. Hence, we report a real-time, user operable CO2 measurement device using an infrared CO2 sensor (Arduino Mega2560) and a thin film transistor (TFT, 3.5''), incorporated with low pass (cut-off frequency, 10 Hz) and moving average (span, 8) filters. The proposed device measures features such as partial end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), respiratory rate (RR), inspired carbon dioxide (ICO2), and a newly proposed feature—Hjorth activity—that annotates data with the date and time from a real-time clock, and is stored onto a secure digital (SD) card. Further, it was tested on 22 healthy subjects and the performance (reliability, validity and relationship) of each feature was established using (1) an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), (2) standard error measurement (SEM), (3) smallest detectable difference (SDD), (4) Bland–Altman plot, and (5) Pearson's correlation (r). The SEM, SDD, and ICC values for inter- and intra-rater reliability were less than 5% and more than 0.8, respectively. Further, the Bland–Altman plot demonstrates that mean differences ± standard deviations for a set limit were 0.30 ± 0.77 mmHg, −0.34 ± 1.41 mmHg and 0.21 ± 0.64 breath per minute (bpm) for CO2, EtCO2 and RR. The findings revealed that the developed device is highly reliable, providing valid measurements for CO2, EtCO2, ICO2 and RR, and can be used in clinical settings for cardiorespiratory assessment. This research also demonstrates that EtCO2 and RR (r, −0.696) are negatively correlated while EtCO2 and activity (r, 0.846) are positively correlated. Thus, simultaneous measurement of these features may possibly assist physicians in understanding the subject's cardiopulmonary status. In future, the proposed device will be tested with asthmatic patients for use as an early screening tool outside a hospital setting.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1752-7163/aa8dbd/pdf

Real-time human respiration carbon dioxide measurement device for cardiorespiratory assessment.

Currently, carbon dioxide (CO2 waveforms measured by capnography are used to estimate respiratory rate and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) in the clinic However, the shape of the CO2 signal carries significant diagnostic information about the asthmatic condition Previous studies have shown a strong correlation between various features that quantitatively characterize the shape of CO2 signal and are used to discriminate asthma from non-asthma using pulmonary function tests, but no reliable progress was made, and no translation into clinical practice has been achieved Therefore, this paper reports a relatively simple signal processing algorithm for automatic differentiation of asthma and non-asthma CO2 signals were recorded from 30 non-asthmatic and 43 asthmatic patients Each breath cycle was decomposed into subcycles, and features were computationally extracted Thereafter, feature selection was performed using the area ( $A_{z}$ ) under the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis A classification was performed via a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure by employing a support vector machine Our results show maximum screening capabilities for upward expiration ( $AR_{1}$ ), downward inspiration ( $AR_{2}$ ), and the sum of $AR_{1}$ and $AR_{2}$ , with an $A_{z}$ of 0892, 0803, and 0793, respectively The proposed method obtained an average accuracy of 9452%, sensitivity of 9767%, and specificity of 90% for discrimination of asthma and non-asthma The proposed method allows for automatic classification of asthma and non-asthma condition by analyzing the shape of the CO2 waveform The developed method may possibly be incorporated in real-time for assessment and management of the asthmatic conditions

Automatic Quantitative Analysis of Human Respired Carbon Dioxide Waveform for Asthma and Non-Asthma Classification Using Support Vector Machine

Methods and systems are described to obtain and analyze a gas sample from a desired section of the breath of a person, while accounting for erratic, episodic or otherwise challenging breathing patterns that may otherwise make the capturing of a gas sample from the desired section of breath difficult. These techniques may provide more reliable, accurate and adequate samples of gas such as end-tidal gas, and ultimately an accurate analysis of the sample captured.

Breath selection for analysis

A system for measuring and tracking metabolic rate, physical activity and calorie intake. The metabolic rate is measured with a design that features an adaptive sampling mechanism for accurate breath sample collection, optimized flow rate measurement for minimizing backpressure while maximizing accuracy, humidity regulation and water condensation reduction mechanism for reliable performance, as well as breath temperature measurement for volume and humidity corrections. The system further comprises an improved algorithm for determining physical activity such as related energy expenditure, and a mechanism for tracking changes in food intake over time.

Portable metabolic analyzer system

Systems and methods for monitoring of biometric and contextual variables to assist in screening for, quantification of, and prediction of smoking behavior, and for assisting in smoking cessation are described.

Systems and methods for quantification of, and prediction of smoking behavior

A non-invasive monitoring apparatus for end-tidal gas concentrations, and a method of use thereof, is described for the detection of endogenous gas concentrations, including respiratory gases, in exhaled breath.

End-tidal gas monitoring apparatus

Therapy gas delivery systems (100) that provide run-time-to-empty information to a user of the system and methods for administering therapeutic gas to a patient. The therapeutic gas delivery system (100) may include a gas pressure sensor (120) attachable to a therapeutic gas source (116) that communicates therapeutic gas pressure data to a therapeutic gas delivery system controller (129,144,164), a gas temperature (130) sensor positioned to measure gas temperature in the therapeutic gas source (116) that communicates therapeutic gas temperature data to the therapeutic gas delivery system controller (129,144,164), at least one flow controller (144,164) that communicates therapeutic gas flow rate data to the therapeutic gas delivery system controller (129,144,164), at least one flow sensor (146,148) that communicates flow rate data to the therapeutic gas delivery system controller (129,144,164), and at least one display (112) that communicates run-time-to-empty to a user of the therapeutic gas delivery system (100). The therapeutic gas delivery system controller (129,144,164) of the system (100) includes a processor that executes an algorithm to calculate the run¬ time-to-empty from the data received from the gas pressure sensor (120), temperature sensor (130), flow controller (144,164) and flow sensor (146,148), and directs the result to the display (112).

Systems and methods for intelligent gas source management and/or systems and methods for delivery of therapeutic gas and/or enhanced performance verification for therapeutic gas delivery

Therapy gas delivery systems that provide run-time-to-empty information to a user of the system and methods for administering therapeutic gas to a patient. The therapeutic gas delivery system may include a gas pressure sensor attachable to a therapeutic gas source that communicates therapeutic gas pressure data to a therapeutic gas delivery system controller, a gas temperature sensor positioned to measure gas temperature in the therapeutic gas source that communicates therapeutic gas temperature data to the therapeutic gas delivery system controller, at least one flow controller that communicates therapeutic gas flow rate data to the therapeutic gas delivery system controller, at least one flow sensor that communicates flow rate data to the therapeutic gas delivery system controller, and at least one display that communicates run-time-to-empty to a user of the therapeutic gas delivery system. The therapeutic gas delivery system controller of the system includes a processor that executes an algorithm to calculate the run-time-to-empty from the data received from the gas pressure sensor, temperature sensor, flow controller and flow sensor, and directs the result to the display.

Enhanced performance verification port for therapeutic gas delivery

Systems and methods of the present invention can enable high concentration NO to be delivered into ventilator breathing circuits, via a diffusing device, without generating undesirably large amounts of NO 2 .

Device and method for diffusing high concentration no with inhalation therapy gas

Therapy gas delivery systems (100) that provide run-time-to-empty information to a user of the system and methods for administering therapeutic gas to a patient. The therapeutic gas delivery system (100) may include a gas pressure sensor (120) attachable to a therapeutic gas source (116) that communicates therapeutic gas pressure data to a therapeutic gas delivery system controller (129,144,164), a gas temperature (130) sensor positioned to measure gas temperature in the therapeutic gas source (116) that communicates therapeutic gas temperature data to the therapeutic gas delivery system controller (129,144,164), at least one flow controller (144,164) that communicates therapeutic gas flow rate data to the therapeutic gas delivery system controller (129,144,164), at least one flow sensor (146,148) that communicates flow rate data to the therapeutic gas delivery system controller (129,144,164), and at least one display (112) that communicates run-time-to-empty to a user of the therapeutic gas delivery system (100). The therapeutic gas delivery system controller (129,144,164) of the system (100) includes a processor that executes an algorithm to calculate the run-time-to-empty from the data received from the gas pressure sensor (120), temperature sensor (130), flow controller (144,164) and flow sensor (146,148), and directs the result to the display (112).

System for delivery of therapeutic gas

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

We encountered an error while loading the panel. Please try refreshing the page.

Something went wrong

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

Anyone with the link can view this chat. You can switch it back to private anytime.

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Falligant John C

Author Tools

Chat about Author