Are children's statements about their futures related to outcomes in middle age? In 1966 almost 13,500 children ages 12-13 were asked whether they thought their futures would be worse, similar or better as compared to others of their own age. It was shown that children with low, and surprisingly high, expectations did suffer from increased mortality, economic hardship and weak labor market attachment risks in middle age. Although it cannot be ruled out that expectations worked as self-fulfilling prophesies, the analyses showed that expectations essentially reflected facts known to the children (i.e., upbringing conditions and their own abilities and achievements).

What Do Children Know About Their Futures: Do Children's Expectations Predict Outcomes in Middle Age?

This thesis is about newly arrived adult migrants’ meaning making and learning in Swedish society during the two years’ introduction period, after they have received the residence permit. I have sp ...

/pdf/readiness-or-resistance-newly-arrived-adult-migrants-4qq7etedxu.pdf

Readiness or resistance? : Newly arrived adult migrants' experiences, meaning making, and learning in Sweden

Using extensive longitudinal register data for more than 80 000 young metropolitan Swedes, this study addresses the effect of a disadvantaged neighbourhood social context on groupings of outcomes that are important for the living conditions of young adults. The overall results show that growing up in a disadvantaged neighbourhood increases the risk of experiencing comparably more unemployment, having less education and receiving more social assistance than similar young people from more affluent neighbourhoods. However, when the estimated effects of neighbourhood are assessed by means of an epidemiological impact measure that takes the prevalence of the risk factor at population level into account; these effects prove to be minimal. We discuss possible drawbacks of placing too much emphasis on policies targeting disadvantaged neighbourhoods versus universal social policy measures.

Rethinking the Long-Term Consequences of Growing Up in a Disadvantaged Neighbourhood: Lessons from Sweden

This article focuses on gender differences in emotional well-being of adolescents in five different family settings. It analyzes two main mediators—economic deprivation and parental socialization—and is based on unusually rich survey data combining parental and child reports as well as information from administrative registers. The results show lower well-being of children in single-mother families and stepfamilies. These associations are mainly mediated through parental socialization rather than economic deprivation, except for girls in their early to midteens living with a single mother. Different patterns of lower well-being levels for boys and girls in different family settings are found.

/pdf/family-structure-gender-and-adolescent-emotional-well-being-1ip43yrkmu.pdf

Family Structure, Gender, and Adolescent Emotional Well-Being

We analyse full-time monthly wages of employees with parents born in Sweden and of childhood immigrants who arrived before the end of compulsory school-age. We use a detailed disaggregation of background countries, which shows considerable hetero­geneity, in overeducation, in returns to education and in birth-country coefficients, unexplained by wage models. Both the non-European childhood immigrants and of those from Southern Europe suffer a wage disadvantage relative to natives, men to a larger extent than women. Returns to education are generally lower for non-European childhood immigrants than for natives. Comparison with workers, who immigrated as adults, shows that the childhood immigrants of most nationalities run lower risk of being overeducated and have a smaller wage disadvantage. The child/adult immigrant difference is larger, the larger the disadvantage of the adult immigrants from a country of origin. But for male childhood immigrants from some of the labour transmitter countries, the risk of overeducation is larger than it is for adult immigrants and the difference in adjusted wages between childhood immigrants and adult immigrants also tends to be smaller than for other countries of origin.

Wages of Childhood Immigrants in Sweden : Education, Returns to Education and Overeducation

Detta kapitel handlar a ena sidan om manniskor som uppehaller sig i Sverige utan tillstand och a andra sidan om socialtjanstens, skolans, sjukvardens med fleras uppdrag och ansvar. Som papekas i Inledningen saknas det nastan helt sakra data om denna grupp. I avsaknad av registerdata och enkatundersokningar hanvisas man darfor till den begransade forskningen som existerar, mindre undersokningar, fallbeskrivningar och intervjuer som finns att tillga. De flesta undersokningar grundas pa uppgifter fran dem som har sokt hjalp daremot finns det mycket begransad information om den grupp vars halsotillstand kanske ar mindre problematiskt. Kapitlet behandlar aven de oforenligheter som kan uppsta mellan olika politikomraden (migrationspolitik kontra social-, halsovards- och sjukvards- samt utbildningspolitik) nar manniskor befinner sig i Sverige utan lagligt stod. Dessutom har staten aven krav pa sig att uppfylla och respektera de manskliga rattigheter som omfattas av de internationella konventioner som Sverige har ratificerat.

Social rapport 2010

The increasing number of displaced persons and the high proportion of refugees with traumatic background and psychiatric symptoms affect the mental health care offered. Sweden has been criticized by the United Nations for the unsatisfactory fulfilment of the right to health for migrants. This article on human rights in mental health care practice, with a focus on migrants, describes the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and what this right implies for mental health care services, including the responsibilities of medical staff. The right to a dignified and equal treatment, integrity and participation is required by medical ethics and legislation, but is ultimately also a matter of human rights. The importance of social determinants for health, the right to individually adapted information and participation are discussed. The argued discrimination of undocumented migrants and other patients is exemplified. A human rights-based approach, HRBA, improves the mental health care for migrants by increased participation and empowerment of the rights-holders, and can contribute to realizing the human rights in a transcultural mental health care context. A model for implementation of HRBA methods is introduced.

[A human rights-based approach improves the mental health care for migrants].

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Social rapport 2010

[A human rights-based approach improves the mental health care for migrants].