Industrial robots form an integral part of today's manufacturing industry, due to their high versatility, precision, and fatigue proof nature. Yet, many small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) still predominantly rely on manual labor. The main barriers that prevent SMEs from utilizing robots to a larger degree are described to be the large initial investment, uncertainty about costs (total cost of ownership), and lack of expertise. An opportunity to eliminate these barriers can be found in servitisation. While paradigms such as software as a service (SaaS) or Robot as a Service (RaaS) already exist, these focus mostly on software (functionality) via cloud computing. In this paper, a new paradigm based on software and hardware is proposed as Industrial Robots as a Service (IRaaS), which is composed of four elements: Flexibility (Plug and Produce, mobility), Usability (Easy Programming, Intuitive Interaction), Safety (Standards, Strategies), and Business Models (Time-based, Usage-based). To provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art a scoping survey is performed on each of the four key elements from an IRaaS perspective. 

Towards industrial robots as a service (IRaaS): Flexibility, usability, safety and business models

Component-Based Software Engineering

Deep learning-driven distributed communication systems for cluster online educational platform considering human–computer interaction

The need for robotic systems to be verified grows as robots are increasingly used in complex applications with safety implications. Model-driven engineering and domain-specific languages (DSLs) have proven useful in the development of complex systems. RoboChart is a DSL for modelling robot software controllers using state machines and a simple component model. It is distinctive in that it has a formal semantics and support for automated verification. Our work enriches RoboChart with support for modelling architectures and architectural patterns used in the robotics domain. Support is in the shape of an additional DSL, RoboArch, whose primitive concepts encapsulate the notion of a layered architecture and architectural patterns for use in the design of the layers that are only informally described in the literature. A RoboArch model can be used to generate automatically a sketch of a RoboChart model, and the rules for automatic generation define a semantics for RoboArch. Additional patterns can be formalised by extending RoboArch. In this paper, we present RoboArch, and give a perspective of how it can be used in conjunction with CorteX, a software framework developed for the nuclear industry.

/pdf/architectural-modelling-for-robotics-roboarch-and-the-cortex-1531tc4k.pdf

Architectural modelling for robotics: RoboArch and the CorteX example

In this work we briefly review some of the current available solutions of long reach manipulators that have been or are serving as robotic equipment for remote maintenance in fusion reactors. These robotic equipment are long reach since they are intended to access inside the fusion reactors through small–scaled access ports and are designed to remotely install/replace in-vessel mechanical components within the reactors. We start the work by analysing the design criteria commonly used and the most interesting concepts from the authors' perspective, where we found a general scheme that could be adopted for the most cases when we study this kind of robots. Finally we present a discussion and draw our conclusions. 

Brief Overview of Long Reach Manipulators for Remote Maintenance in Fusion Reactors

Robots are being used for an increasing number and range of tasks in the fields of nuclear energy, mining, petrochemical processing, and sub-sea. This is resulting in ever more complex robotics installations being deployed, maintained, and extended over long periods of time. Additionally, the unstructured, experimental, or unknown operational conditions frequently result in new or changing system requirements, meaning extension and adaptation is necessary. Whilst existing frameworks allow for robust integration of complex robotic systems, they are not compatible with highly efficient maintenance and extension in the face of changing requirements and obsolescence issues over decades-long periods. We present CorteX that attempts to solve the long-term maintainability and extensibility issues encountered in such scenarios through the use of a standardised, self-describing data representations and associated communications protocols. Progress in developing and testing the CorteX framework, as well as an overview of current and planned deployments, will be presented.

CorteX: A Software Framework for Interoperable, Plug-and-Play, Distributed, Robotic Systems of Systems

Engineering Interoperable, Plug-and-Play, Distributed, Robotic Control Systems for Futureproof Fusion Power Plants

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CorteX: A Software Framework for Interoperable, Plug-and-Play, Distributed, Robotic Systems of Systems

Engineering Interoperable, Plug-and-Play, Distributed, Robotic Control Systems for Futureproof Fusion Power Plants