A voltage regulator of the type suitable for production as a monolithic integrated circuit for use with a separate reference voltage source is composed of a differential amplifier having a so-called current mirror circuit coupling its outputs, followed by a current amplifying circuit from the output of which a feedback voltage obtained from a resistive divider is brought back to one input of the differential amplifier, the other input thereof being for connection to the reference voltage source. Stabilization of the regulator is obtained by connecting a small capacitance, of a magnitude suitable for provision as an element of a monolithic integrated circuit, between one of the poles of the supply voltage and the point of connection between the differential amplifier and the current amplifier circuit. The differential amplifier has a current source between common emitter connection and ground. The stability condition is worked out showing that the sum current of the differential amplifier must be unusually small. When a multi-transistor current amplifier is used, a second small capacitance is connected in to improve performance. The capacitances may be base-collector diodes, base-emitter diodes, MOS elements, or the like.

Monolithic integrated voltage regulator

An improved instrument for use with an electrochemical cell that provides a system having enhanced stability and increased bandwidth. The instrument includes a voltage to current converter which drives the cell. The current output of the voltage to current converter is linearly proportional to the differential voltage input. The voltage to current converter drives the cell in both the potentiostatic mode and in the galvanostatic mode of operation.

Instrument for use with an electrochemical cell

There is disclosed an output circuit for a comparator which operates, because of its high gain, as a switching circuit. It is the major feature of the output circuit that it operates such that the drive current for its output stage and the amount of load current it can sink are independent of supply voltage variations. Thus the output circuit is relatively unaffected by changes in, for instance, the output of a portable power supply such as a battery. Whenever an analog input level from the comparator is below a given level, the drive current is coupled to drive an output transistor into saturation. When the comparator changes state this drive current is shunted to ground through a transistor of the comparator circuit. Thus the output transistor acts as either an opened or closed switch capable of sinking a predetermined amount of current.

Output circuit for comparators

To reduce sensitivity to battery voltage variation in a multiple transistor monolithically integrated constant current source, the control transistor is replaced by an amplifier. Only a fraction of the sum of base currents of the source transistors is applied to the input of the amplifier. Also, the number of source transistors is not as limited by current gain factor as it is when a control transistor is used.

Monolithic integrable constant current source for transistors connected as current stabilizing elements

A current regulator for an automotive fuel injection system includes an integrated circuit chip having a differential amplifier with a control point to be coupled through an external impedance to the power supply. The differential amplifier drives a pair of Darlington connected transistors to control the current from the power supply to the load, which flows through the impedance. The collector electrodes of the Darlington transistors are connected to the control point, which is coupled to an input of the differential amplifier to form a closed negative feedback loop. The transistors of the differential amplifier may have dual collector electrodes, and first and second Darlington pairs coupled thereto can control the current supplied to first and second loads. Switches are connected to the Darlington inputs for selectively enabling one output or the other.

Integrated circuit current regulator with differential amplifier control

A DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER IS DISCLOSED WHEREIN A CONSTANTCURRENT SOURCE IS PROVIDED WHICH IS REFERRED ONLY TO THE POWER-SUPPLY LEADS. FROM THE CONSTANT-CURRENT SOURCE, BIAS SIGNALS ARE DERIVED WHICH, IN TURN, PROVIDE AD CONTROL CONSTANT-CURRENT SUPPLY MEANS FOR EACH OF THE TWO LEGS OF THE DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER, INDIVIDUALLY. THIS ARRANGEMENT PROVIDES A HIGHLY STABLE, HIGHLY ACCURATE AMPLIFICATION OF INPUT SIGNALS AND MINIMIZES ERRORS DUE TO AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CHANGES.

Constant current temperature stabilized signal converter circuit

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Constant current temperature stabilized signal converter circuit