Feature-Oriented Programming (FOP) decomposes complex software into features. Features are main abstractions in design and implementation. They reflect user requirements and incrementally refine one another. Although, features crosscut object-oriented architectures they fail to express all kinds of crosscutting concerns. This weakness is exactly the strength of aspects, the main abstraction mechanism of Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP). In this article we contribute a systematic evaluation and comparison of both paradigms, AOP and FOP, with focus on incremental software development. It reveals that aspects and features are not competing concepts. In fact AOP has several strengths to improve FOP in order to implement crosscutting featuresSymmetrically, the development model of FOP can aid AOP in implementing incremental designs. Consequently, we propose the architectural integration of aspects and features in order to profit from both paradigms. We introduce aspectual mixin layers (AMLs), an implementation approach that realizes this symbiosis. A subsequent evaluation and a case study reveal that AMLs improve the crosscutting modularity of features as well as aspects become well integrated into incremental development style.

/pdf/aspectual-mixin-layers-aspects-and-features-in-concert-4bi3l0nuej.pdf

Aspectual mixin layers: aspects and features in concert

Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) and Feature-Oriented Programming (FOP) are complementary technologies that can be combined to overcome their individual limitations. Aspectual Mixin Layers (AML) is a representative approach that unifies AOP and FOP. We use AML in a non-trivial case study to create a product line of overlay networks. We also present a set of guidelines to assist programmers in how and when to use AOP and FOP techniques for implementing product lines in a stepwise and generative manner.

/pdf/when-to-use-features-and-aspects-a-case-study-4pca34dylx.pdf

When to use features and aspects?: a case study

While it is well-known that crosscutting concerns occur in many software projects, little is known on how aspect-oriented programming, and in particular AspectJ, have been used. In this paper, we analyze eleven AspectJ programs by different authors to answer the questions: which mechanisms are used, to what extent, and for what purpose. We found the code of these programs to be on average 86% object-oriented, 12% basic crosscutting mechanisms (introductions and method extensions), and 2% advanced crosscutting mechanisms (homogeneous advice or advanced dynamic advice). Based on these results we initiate a discussion on the trade-off between expressiveness and simplicity of languages that support the modularization of crosscutting concerns.

https://www.infosun.fim.uni-passau.de/publications/docs/JOT2010.pdf

How AspectJ is Used: An Analysis of Eleven AspectJ Programs.

Agent architectures have to cope with a number of internal properties (concerns), such as autonomy, learning, and mobility. As the agent complexity increases, these agent properties crosscut each other and the agent’s basic functionality. In addition, multi-agent systems encompass multiple agent types with heterogeneous architectures. Each of these agent types has different properties, which need to be composed in different ways. In this context, the separation and the flexible composition of agent concerns are crucial for the construction of heterogeneous agent architectures. Moreover the separation of agent concerns needs to be guaranteed throughout the different development phases, especially from the architectural to the implementation phase. Existing approaches do not provide appropriate support for the modularization of agent properties at the architectural stage, and do not promote a smooth transition to the system implementation. This paper presents an aspect-oriented method that allows for a better separation of concerns, supporting the systematic aspectization of agent properties through the architectural definition, detailed design and implementation. A multi-agent system for paper reviewing management is assumed as a case study through this paper to show the applicability of our proposal.

Aspectizing multi-agent systems: from architecture to implementation

Table of Contens.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP).- 3. Crosscutting Concerns in Database Systems.- 4. Applying AOP in Database Systems.- 5. Persistent Aspects.- 6. Persistence as an Aspect.- 7. Conclusion and Outlook.- Abbreviations.- References.

Aspect-oriented database systems

The collaboration based approach is a powerful means to develop modularised systems by stepwise refinement The authors introduce a novel approach to realise a collaboration based design Our approach is based on the well known observation that the knowledge about inter-object collaborations cannot be localised within objects but cross-cuts many objects Such cross-cutting concerns are effectively addressed by applying the separation of concerns principle We have therefore employed aspect oriented programming (AOP) to build collaboration based designs We illustrate and discuss our aspect oriented approach both for the horizontal (ie the collaborations) and vertical (ie the refinements) dimensions Although the example implementations are based on AspectJ04beta7 from Xerox PARC, the approach is generic enough to be implemented using other AOP techniques

Implementing collaboration-based designs using aspect-oriented programming

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Implementing collaboration-based designs using aspect-oriented programming