Phased-array radars rely heavily on correct phase calibration for proper beam steering. The calibration algorithms must be robust in order to be able to calibrate under very noisy conditions, while fast enough to enable on-the-fly calibration during operation. The current methods in the literature are either robust or fast. We propose a new algorithm based on the Element-wise Time Offsetting (ETO) and Multi-Element Phase Toggle (MEP) algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is as robust as MEP and 4 times faster.

A Novel Calibration Method for Phased-Array Radar based on Element-wise Time Offsetting and Multi-Element Phase Toggle

The antenna phase calibration is critical for the millimeter wave (mmWave) hybrid beamforming communication system. Especially, with the increasing number of antennas being deployed in future massive MIMO systems, it is unrealistic to calibrate each antenna path in a microwave anechoic chamber. This work proposes a phase calibration based on over-the-air (OTA) scheme for mmWave hybrid beamforming systems, where the calibration process is performed automatically by the online signal transmission. The challenge for the OTA-based phase calibration is the imperfect channel estimation due to the phase error. To solve the challenge, we simplify the channel estimation process by integrating the beam alignment and phase calibration process. Consequently, the phase calibration is formatted to an MMSE-criterion based optimization problem solved by the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) with probabilistic conversion improved Gibbs sampling method. Furthermore, an alternating iteration algorithm is developed to calibrate phase deviation for both the transmitter and receiver. We also extend our method to solve the joint amplitude and phase calibration problem. According to the simulation result, the calibration results outperform existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is less than 15 dB. Besides, the proposed method exhibits a high beamforming gain during the calibration process, which paves the way for future massive device deployment in a practical system. 

Over-the-Air Antenna Array Calibration for mmWave Hybrid Beamforming Systems Based on Monte Carlo Markov Chain Method

It is necessary to test antenna beam pattern in transmitting and receiving mode of the active phased array antenna.The existing far field test for antenna is to test antenna beam pattern in receiving mode.In this paper,an easy way to test transmit beam pattern was presented.In the test,testing pedestal for radar antenna and transmitting horn of the far field test were used.And then the spectrum analyzer received the data which the active phased array antenna had transmitted.Test software was developed and installed in the central master computer to collect data and test transmit beam pattern of active phased array antenna in real time.It proves that the test method is simple and easy to carry out.

A simple method to test transmit beam pattern of active phased array antenna

The antenna phase calibration is critical for the millimeter wave (mmWave) hybrid beamforming communication system. Especially, with the increasing number of antennas being deployed in future massive MIMO systems, it is unrealistic to calibrate each antenna path in a microwave anechoic chamber. This work proposes a phase calibration based on over-the-air (OTA) scheme for mmWave hybrid beamforming systems, where the calibration process is performed automatically by the online signal transmission. The challenge for the OTA-based phase calibration is the imperfect channel estimation due to the phase error. To solve the challenge, we simplify the channel estimation process by integrating the beam alignment and phase calibration process. Consequently, the phase calibration is formatted to an MMSE-criterion based optimization problem solved by the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) with probabilistic conversion improved Gibbs sampling method. Furthermore, an alternating iteration algorithm is developed to calibrate phase deviation for both the transmitter and receiver. We also extend our method to solve the joint amplitude and phase calibration problem. According to the simulation result, the calibration results outperform existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is less than 15 dB. Besides, the proposed method exhibits a high beamforming gain during the calibration process, which paves the way for future massive device deployment in a practical system.

The REV algorithm for correcting the initial amplitude and phase error of the phased array antenna based on Fourier analysis is introduced, and its engineering realization method is given. In the given method, the correction antenna is far away from the phased array antenna, which is different from traditional REV method, in order to reduce the interference of the correction antenna to the communication signals. Through the actual test, the correction and monitoring functions are proofed to be effective.

Amplitude and phase correction of the phased array antenna by REV algorithm

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Amplitude and phase correction of the phased array antenna by REV algorithm