Co-occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in dried fruits in Iran: Dietary exposure risk assessment

Mycotoxin contamination in rice can create a health risk for the consumers. In this study, the measurement of 23 mycotoxins in rice samples (n = 180) was performed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. A food frequency questionnaire was used to get rice consumption data for the assessment of mycotoxin dietary exposure, before calculating the health risk in adults and children of north and south regions of the Pakistani Punjab province. The prevalence of aflatoxin B₁ (56%), aflatoxin B₂ (48%), nivalenol (28%), diacetoxyscirpenol (23%), fumonisin B₁ (42%), zearalenone (15%), HT-2 toxin (10%), deoxynivalenol (8%), and ochratoxin A (6%) was estimated in samples with a mean concentration range between 0.61 and 22.98 µg/kg. Aflatoxin degradation by traditional Pakistani cooking recipes was evaluated and observed to be 41-63%. The dietary exposure to aflatoxins exceeded the tolerable daily intake at all levels, and ochratoxin A and zearalenone posed health risk at high contamination and high consumption levels. The margin of aflatoxin B₁ exposure ranged between 10 and 69 in adults and 10 and 62 in children. The mean cancer risk by aflatoxin B₁ exposure was 0.070 (adults) and 0.071 (children) cases/year/100,000 people in South Punjab population, and 0.122 (adults) and 0.127 (children) cases/year/100,000 people in North Punjab population. This study will provide new insights for the planning and management of mycotoxins in Pakistan.

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8559820/file/8559821.pdf

Multiple Mycotoxins in Rice: Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment in Children and Adults of Punjab, Pakistan.

Dietary exposure assessment to mycotoxins through total diet studies. A review

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in foods is an important health challenge for low-and middle-income countries in subtropical regions. AFB1 has been detected in a variety of foodsin Guangzhou, while the risk of dietary exposure is unknown. This study aimed to assess the probabilistic risk of dietary exposure to AFB1 contamination in food stuffs in Guangzhou by using margin of exposure (MOE) and quantitative liver cancer risk approaches. A total of1854 AFB1-contaminated foodstuffs were sampled in supermarkets, agricultural markets, retail shops, and family workshops from 11 districts of Guangzhou, and AFB1 content was determined by HPLC-fluorescence detector. In total, 9.9% (184/1854) of the test samples had AFB1 concentrations above the limit of detection. Home-made peanut oil had the highest AFB1 concentration, with a mean value of 38.74 ± 47.45 μg kg−1. The average MOE levels of Guangzhou residents ranged from 100 to 1000. The risk of liver cancer was 0.0264 cancers (100,000 population year)−1. The health risks of suburban people were higher than those of urban people, and home-made peanut oil was the main contributorto dietary exposure to AFB1 among suburban residents in Guangzhou. The production of home-made peanut oil should be supervised to reduce the risk of AFB1 exposure.

/pdf/probabilistic-risk-assessment-of-dietary-exposure-to-46x4zl3x6r.pdf

Probabilistic risk assessment of dietary exposure to aflatoxin B 1 in Guangzhou, China

Dietary exposure and health risk characterization of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, and zearalenone in food from different provinces in Northern Vietnam

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B 1 , ochratoxin A and fuminisins of adults in Lao Cai province, Viet Nam: A total dietary study approach.

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Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B 1 , ochratoxin A and fuminisins of adults in Lao Cai province, Viet Nam: A total dietary study approach.