On a router-port basis, our previous study [1] found that lightpath bypass strategy can significantly save power consumption over the lightpath non-bypass strategy. However, in real network systems, router ports are organized by network line cards or modules; on each line card there are multiple router ports. In this paper, we evaluate the energy consumption of an IP over WDM network in the context of modularized router ports. We develop mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for power consumption minimization under the lightpath bypass strategy. We also compare the cases of lightpath bypass and nonbypass. It is found that for modularized route ports, the strategy of optical bypass can significantly outperform the strategy of non-bypass. Also, under different types of modular router line cards, a mixed deployment of different types of router line cards consumes the least energy compared to the deployment of a single type of line card.

Energy-minimized design for IP over WDM networks under modular router line cards

Power-awareness in networking attracts more attention as the trends in the energy consumption of the Internet raise growing concerns about the environmental impacts and sustainability of the network expansion. Building energy efficient equipment is definitely an integral part of the solution. However, such a strategy should be complemented with appropriate network protocols and routing methods to achieve maximum performance. In this paper, total power consumption of an optical WDM network is modeled in terms of the power consumed by individual lightpaths. The proposed model is then used to develop an ILP (Integer Linear Programming) formulation of the grooming problem. The exact solution of the formulation on a small network indicates that significant energy savings can be achieved with power efficient grooming.

/pdf/power-efficient-traffic-grooming-in-optical-wdm-networks-2qrk5jvhb1.pdf

Power Efficient Traffic Grooming in Optical WDM Networks

With increasing energy consumption of the Internet, it is now imperative to design energy-efficient network architectures and protocols. Optical technologies have significant promise in improving the energy efficiency of network infrastructures. Future optical backbone networks will be heterogeneous in nature where a single link may carry various line-rate signals. This mixed-line-rate (MLR) network architecture is shown to be cost effective in satisfying heterogeneous traffic demands. In this study, we present mathematical models that can act as references for designing energy- and cost-efficient MLR optical networks. We also perform a comparative study of the energy efficiency of MLR and special cases of MLR design, named as single-line-rate networks (where all the links have same line rates). We explore the scenarios where the MLR networks minimize energy consumption. Finally, we investigate the relationship between energy-minimized and cost-minimized MLR network design.

On the Design of Energy-Efficient Mixed-Line-Rate (MLR) Optical Networks

As Internet traffic is estimated to substantially grow in the near future, one of the most challenging issues will concern the reduction of its power requirement. For the core/transport section of the Internet, various network architectures can be considered, typically multi-layer architectures composed of an optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transport layer under the classical electronic IP layer. Thus, we consider in this paper four architectures: basic IP over WDM with no optical switching, IP over synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) over WDM, and IP over WDM with transparent or translucent switching. Energy efficiency in these architectures is expected to be enabled by optical switching technologies, mainly due to the significant reduction in the number of required optical/electronic/optical conversions. However, since optical signals are subject to relevant physical layer impairments when traversing core network devices, signal regeneration is often required, which has to be accomplished either at the electronic layer by routers/digital cross connects (DXCs) or directly at the optical layer through 3R-regenerators. Therefore, it is important to know which network architecture may provide the highest energy efficiency. In this paper we perform a comprehensive comparison between the four above-mentioned optical core network architectures, by performing energy assessment of the devices used at the transport layer of a telecom network and by developing an integer linear programming formulation for an energy-minimized and impairment-aware design of each of the considered architectures. We find that optical technology can enable power savings up to 60% with respect to classical IP-over-WDM architectures with no optical switching, but the best “optical” architecture is not univocal, and it is influenced by some crucial network parameters (connectivity, geographical extension, etc.).

A Power Consumption Analysis for IP-Over-WDM Core Network Architectures

Since the Internet consumes a large (and increasing) amount of energy, “green” strategies are desirable to help service providers (SP) operate their networks and provision services more energy efficiently. We focus on green provisioning strategies for optical wavelength-division multiplexing networks. A number of approaches from component layer to network layer are discussed, which should help improve the energy efficiency of the networks. Then, we consider a typical optical backbone network architecture, and minimize the operational power for provisioning. Typically, operational power depends on strategy (e.g., optical bypass versus traffic grooming), operations (e.g., electronic domain versus optical domain), and route. We analyze the constituents of operational power in various scenarios, and discuss the opportunities for energy savings. We propose a novel auxiliary graph, which can capture the power consumption of each provisioning operation. Based on the auxiliary graph, we develop a power-aware provisioning scheme to minimize the total operational power. Performance evaluation shows that our scheme always needs the least operational power, with comparison to a direct-lightpath approach and a traffic-grooming approach. The result also suggests proportional power consumption by operations (network equipment) and end-node traffic grooming to fully exploit the power-saving potential of optical networks.

Green Provisioning for Optical WDM Networks

The traffic grooming problem in optical networks has been extensively studied. It tackles the problem of aggregating sub-wavelength traffic onto optical lightpaths so that the network cost can be reduced. As of yet, the network cost considered is in terms of the number of wavelengths, SONET ADMs, and the amount of OEO processing. However, in recent years, the steadily rising cost of energy consumption of the network has raised a lot concerns. In this paper, we revisit the traffic grooming problem and provide formulations for green optical network design, and show a simple algorithm working at one of the layers identified by the model.

Traffic Grooming: A Changing Role in Green Optical Networks

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Traffic Grooming: A Changing Role in Green Optical Networks