A wireless sensor probe for use in environmental monitoring and control includes a separable probe body and sensor mast. The probe body includes a void configured to house the sensor mast including one or more sensor devices for sensing a soil property surrounding the probe body when the probe body is inserted partially into the ground. The probe body includes a probe top part for encapsulating the probe body and the sensor mast. The sensor mast is inserted into the probe body to form the sensor probe. In another embodiment, a wireless sensor probe includes a housing containing one or more sensor devices. The probe further includes a collar situated near a top portion of the housing being used to anchor the housing to the top of the ground and a gasket formed on the outside perimeter of the housing for securing the housing in the ground.

Wireless sensor probe

The present invention provides a system and method to control the flow duration and the flow rate of each individual sprinkler head wirelessly in each zone of an automatic sprinkler system. The system comprises a plurality of sensors, preferably wireless, to control the sprinkler heads, either directly or through a controller. The system enables precise control over irrigation times for the areas covered by each sprinkler head. The system also enables each sprinkler head to control its on/off and duration decisions based on receiving data from a sensor within an irrigation zone of an automatic sprinkler system.

Wireless Sprinkler Control

A method and apparatus for near real-time in-situ soil solution measurements is presented. An outer sleeve is placed in soil where ionic concentrations of organic or inorganic species are to be measured. A porous section connects with the outer sleeve (the porous section initially loaded with distilled water) equilibrates with the solution present in soil pores to form a solution to be measured. The initial distilled water is displaced within the porous section by a removable plunger. After substantial equilibration of the solution to be measured within the apparatus, the plunger is removed and a removable probe replaced. The probe may be an Ion Selective Electrode, or a transflection dip probe. The probe then may be used under computer control for measurement of solution properties. The Ion Selective Electrode may measure nitrate (NO 3 − ) concentrations. The transflection dip probe may be read with spectrometer with an input deuterium light source.

In-situ soil nitrate ion concentration sensor

A cone-tipped penetrometer for in situ analysis of soil or sediment by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Rather than using a radioactive source, a miniature x-ray tube is powered by a filament isolation transformer located inside the penetrometer pipe which has an outside diameter of about 2 inches or less. The x-rays pass out through a special x-ray transmissive window, such as a low metal impurity-containing high strength boron carbide, into the soil or sediment below the surface and the resulting x-rays from the metals in the soil or sediment return through the window to a detector. The signal is transmitted back up to the surface where the x-rays are quantitatively analyzed to determine the concentration of metals in the soil. This real-time in situ x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of soil or sediment samples permits field analysis of hazardous waste sites and other underground soil and underwater sediments.

Cone penetrometer utilizing an X-ray fluorescence metals sensor

Control method of wireless irrigation

A penetrometer sensor probe and system with a detachable sleeve section which performs radiation measurements in subsurface formations. The penetrometer sensor probe measures radiation particularly gamma radiation in real time as the sensor probe is retrieved from a subsurface formation following an initial penetrometer push operation. A sacrificial sleeve surrounding the sensor probe's radiation detector is separated from the penetrometer after an initial push operation at a particular subsurface depth. During a retraction process, a sleeve section containing the radiation detector is detached from the sacrificial sleeve of the penetrometer. The sleeve provides both strength to the penetrometer and protects the probe's radiation detector from damage. Additionally, the detachable sleeve results in significantly reduced bremsstrauling scattering radiation attributed to gamma radiation that otherwise would strike a steel casing adjacent to the radiation detector. The penetrometer sensor probe and system allow for a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio for detecting gamma radiation in subsurface media.

Subsurface penetrometer radiaton sensor probe and system

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Subsurface penetrometer radiaton sensor probe and system