Introduction Vitamin D is generally accepted as being essential for life in higher animals (278). It is one of the most important biological regulators of calcium and phosphorus (406) metabolism. Along with the two peptide hormones PTH and calcitonin, vitamin D is responsible for the minute-to-minute as well as the day-to-day establishment and maintenance of calcium homeostasis. The substance vitamin D, or cholecalciferol, was first identified through the nutritional studies of Sir Edward Mellanby (243), which identified rickets as a disease state resulting from a deficiency of vitamin D, as well as through the biochemical/chemical studies of McCollum and co-workers (242), who demonstrated that there was more than one fat-soluble vitamin. Together these studies established a deficiency state, namely rickets, which was attributable to the newly discovered, nutritionally important fat-soluble component, vitamin D. In retrospect, however, the most important discovery related to the appreciation by Huldschins...

The vitamin D endocrine system: steroid metabolism, hormone receptors, and biological response (calcium binding proteins).

Chapter 1. The measurement of maturity. Chapter 2. Definition and scoring of the bone stages. Chapter 3. The method in practice: reference values for skeletal maturity and TW3 bone age. Chapter 4. Prediction of adult height. Chapter 5. Hormonal control and clinical applications. References Appendix 1. The rating system Appendix 2. The mathematical basis of the scoring system. Appendix 3. Learning to rate. Subject Index.

Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height:(TW3 Method)

(First of Two Parts) A NOVEL sterol hormone that is undoubtedly a major physiologic regulator of mineral metabolism in man, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), is produced from vitamin D in response to situations of calcium and phosphorus need, with the final enzymatic reaction occurring in the kidney. A complex and elegant biochemical mechanism is thought to function at the pivotal kidney site to modulate the biosynthesis of this most active form of vitamin D. In concert with other calcitropic principles, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin, the l,25-(OH)2D hormone mediates calcium and phosphorus metabolism at target . . .

Basic and Clinical Concepts Related to Vitamin D Metabolism and Action

A B S T R A C T We studied the effects of vitamin D metabolites on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Test materials were iinjected into the cranial thyroid artery of the dog, and immunoreactive PTH was measured frequently in serum samples from the inferior thyroid vein and the femoral vein. This model for the study of secretion had previouslv been validated with the use ofknown moduilators oni PTH secretion. In control experimenits, injection of 100% ethanol, the vehicle in which cholecalciferol (D3) metabolites were suspended, resulted in ino change in PTH secretion. Likewise, native vitamin D3, in doses ranging from 250 to 1,250 nlg had Ino effect oIn PTH secretioin. 25Hydroxycholecalciferol, 25-(OH)D3, in doses of 125240 ng, caused complete suppression ofPTH secretion.

in the Dog

Studies on the mode of action of calciferol. Biological activity of 1 alpha, 24R,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 in the chick.

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC) is the major biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3 in the small intestine and bone, whereas roles for 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 25, 26-dihydroxycholecalciferol have yet to be assigned. All three metabolites have been detected in plasma, the approximate concentration in a normal individual being 60 pg/ml for 1,25-DHCC (4), 0–4 ng/ml for 24,25-DHCC (13) and 200–1000 pg/ml for 25,26-DHCC (Mawer & Taylor, unpublished results). The principal circulating metabolite is 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) the normal concentration of which in healthy humans in Britain is 12 ng/ml, with a range of 4 to 33 ng/ml (12).

The effects of vitamin D metabolites and their analogues on the secretion of parathyroid hormone

Species differences in the effect of parathyroid hormone on cyclic amp production

Inhibitory effect of 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone in goats.

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The effects of vitamin D metabolites and their analogues on the secretion of parathyroid hormone

Species differences in the effect of parathyroid hormone on cyclic amp production

Inhibitory effect of 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone in goats.