In this paper we present the effects of Wi-Fi interference on a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in an aircraft. We use Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (IEEE 802.15.4e) as Link layer in the WSN network. We conduct measurements in an environment realistically representing an aircraft cabin. We provide the resulting application failure and packet drop rates with and without interference, for an exemplary deadline critical application. In order to outline the importance of hopping against interference in a controlled environment, we compare the results of individual channels, full channel hopping and clear channel hopping, where the TSCH only hops over channels free from WiFi interference. Results open further discussions for more sophisticated Link layer implementations resulting in increased reliability such as optimization of frequency allocation depending on the application deadline.

/pdf/reliable-co-existence-of-802-15-4e-tsch-based-wsn-and-wi-fi-bt5szl3js5.pdf

Reliable co-existence of 802.15.4e TSCH-based WSN and Wi-Fi in an aircraft cabin

The paper presents an indoor testbed evaluation of a multi-hop IEEE 802.15.4e Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) sensor network, operating in 2.4 GHz band. First goal of the evaluation is to assess the perspectives of TSCH, as a more reliable version of IEEE 802.15.4, for meter reading applications in a Smart Grid. Secondly, we compare the network performance for two medium access schemes: contention-based and contention-free. We model two automatic meter reading applications, representing regular metering readings and alarm reporting. With this model, we have collected eight measurement data sets for different interference and load conditions. Based on the data sets, link- and end-to-end reliability, and end-to-end delay are analyzed. Our results point out that the delay constraints can be satisfied. However, channel hopping is insufficient for meeting the reliability requirements, and additional mechanisms to couple with high link-layer losses are required.

/pdf/time-slotted-channel-hopping-for-smart-metering-measurements-3tkm6hfeqd.pdf

Time Slotted Channel Hopping for smart metering: Measurements and analysis of medium access

Competition: RedFixHop

Wireless sensor networks for aerospace applications need to provide reliable communications with guaranteed real-time functionality in order to serve the requirements of especially the flight control domain. Additionally, the communication system needs to be energy-efficient to enable autonomous operation of wireless sensors. The environment is challenging for wireless communication regarding the propagation of electromagnetic waves due to shadowing, reflection and absorption by metallic objects and carbon-fiber materials. We present an approach where spatially distributed redundant access points are used to reliably communicate with wireless sensors and actuators without sacrificing end-to-end latency even in non-line-of-sight conditions. The wireless sensor network is analyzed by means of measurements in a launcher structure and by extensive simulations. The obtained results show the feasibility of the approach and the performance benefits versus state-of-the-art wireless sensor networks.

Reliable real-time wireless sensor networks using spatial diversity

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology will continue playing an important role in beyond 5G wireless systems. Fully digital beamforming at the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum enables applications that require high data rates and low latency. This paper investigates the development and deployment of mmWave massive MIMO systems in an in-flight cabin environment, from both system performance and hardware implementation aspects. Ray-tracing methods with realistic geometry coefficients captured from commercial airplane models are used to represent this in-door dense environment. A hardware-in-the-loop simulator running on the AMD/Xilinx PYNQ FPGA is leveraged to conduct fast design space exploration. The outcomes of our investigation provide insights and guidelines in strategies for implementing and deploying mmWave massive MIMO systems in-flight cabins, for instance, how to place and distribute access points to enhance coverage and serve quality and the appropriate quantization strategy balancing hardware cost and signal processing quality.

mmWave Massive MIMO Processing in Demanding Environments - An Aircraft Cabin Deployment Study

We present the packet error rate (PER) characterization of an aircraft cabin wireless sensor network (WSN) It is based on measurements for a static and a typical dynamic environment, which were both performed in an aircraft cabin mockup The WSN exploits spatial diversity by using multiple access points, which decreases the average PER by several orders of magnitude The characterization gives the individual and combined PER, burst error and run length distributions as well as bit error rates for packets which were received, but with errors The exploitation of spatial redundancy eliminates the additional packet losses caused by the presence of people in the environment

Error characterization of multi-access point WSNs in an aircraft cabin

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Error characterization of multi-access point WSNs in an aircraft cabin