Accurate and fast vehicle detection is a key factor in the field of intelligent transportation. To solve the problems such as low recognition accuracy, slow detection speed, and poor robustness existing in current vehicle detection algorithms. This paper proposes a vehicle detection algorithm based on YOLOv5 and the coordinate attention mechanism (CA) named YOLO-CCS. YOLO-CCS enables the network to focus on the vehicle itself during the feature extraction process, reduces the loss of feature information and improves the effect of vehicle detection. In our algorithm, we firstly expand YOLOv5s with CA blocks at the location of feature extraction section of network backbone and enhance the extraction capabilities of key features, and suppress the interference of complex backgrounds by embedding position information. Secondly, to enable the network to extract rich feature information and improve the feature fusion capability of the network, we introduce the faster implementation of the Cross Stage Partial (CSP) Bottleneck with 2 convolutions (C2f) in the backbone and neck of the network, which has more residual blocks and skip connections, which provides rich feature semantic information, and heightens the feature extraction capabilities of the network. Thirdly, we integrate the SCYLLA-IOU (SIOU) loss function suitable for YOLO-CCS. So we can leverage the vector angle between the real box and the predicted box to further improve the accuracy of the algorithm and accelerate the convergence of the model. Experimental results show that, compared with the baseline model YOLOv5s, the mAP50 and mAP50−95 of our method increase by 3.2% and 1.7% respectively. Compared with other YOLO based models, mAP50 has increased by approximately 4%. And the detecting speed of YOLO-CCS algorithm reaches 48 FPS, which can meet the real-time requirements of vehicle detection. 

YOLO-CCS: Vehicle detection algorithm based on coordinate attention mechanism

Aiming at the problems of target detection models in traffic scenarios including a large number of parameters, heavy computational burden, and high application cost, this paper introduces an enhanced lightweight real-time detection algorithm, which exhibits higher detection speed and accuracy for vehicle detection. This paper considers the YOLOv7 algorithm as the benchmark model, designs a lightweight backbone network, and uses the MobileNetV3 lightweight network to extract target features. Inspired by the structure of SPPF, the spatial pyramid pooling module is reconfigured by incorporating GSConv, and a lightweight SPPFCSPC-GS module is designed, aiming to minimize the quantity of model parameters and enhance the training speed even further. Furthermore, the CA mechanism is integrated to enhance the feature extraction capability of the model. Finally, the MPDIoU loss function is utilized to optimize the model’s training process. Experiments showcase that the refined YOLOv7 algorithm can achieve 98.2% mAP on the BIT-Vehicle dataset with 52.8% fewer model parameters than the original model and a 35.2% improvement in FPS. The enhanced model adeptly strikes a finer equilibrium between velocity and precision, providing favorable conditions for embedding the model into mobile devices.

A Lightweight Vehicle Detection Method Fusing GSConv and Coordinate Attention Mechanism

We present an enhanced YOLOX model for vehicle detection, addressing issues of slow detection speed, high parameter counts, and complex computations. Our model significantly improves inference speed while maintaining high detection accuracy. We introduce two lightweight modules, DG and DS, to reduce model size and enhance detection speed. The DG module eliminates redundant features during feature extraction, and the DS module optimizes the performance of DG, enhancing feature extraction efficiency. We utilize the CIoU loss function for accurate bounding box regression. Additionally, we introduce the Chinese Chongqing Vehicle Detection Benchmark (CCVTDB) dataset to address dataset limitations. Our lightweight model achieves an impressive 83.36% detection accuracy on CCVTDB at 65 FPS with 4.4 million parameters. Compared to the original model, our approach improves detection speed by 30% and reduces model size by 51%, while maintaining substantial detection performance. 

GSD-YOLOX: Lightweight and more accurate object detection models

A lightweight model for autonomous vehicle to detect front vehicles in traffic flow

A Risk Assessment and Legal Compliance Framework for Supporting Personal Data Sharing with Privacy Preservation for Scientific Research

Nowadays, accurate and fast vehicle detection technology is of great significance for constructing intelligent transportation systems in the context of the era of big data. This paper proposes an improved lightweight YOLOX real-time vehicle detection algorithm. Compared with the original network, the detection speed and accuracy of the new algorithm have been improved with fewer parameters. First, referring to the GhostNet, we make a lightweight design of the backbone extraction network, which significantly reduces the network parameters, training cost, and inference time. Furthermore, by introducing the α-CIoU loss function, the regression accuracy of the bounding box (bbox) is improved, while the convergence speed of the model is also accelerated. The experimental results show that the mAP of the improved algorithm on the BIT-Vehicle dataset can reach up to 99.21% with 41.2% fewer network parameters and 12.7% higher FPS than the original network and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. 

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Vehicle detection algorithm based on lightweight YOLOX

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Vehicle detection algorithm based on lightweight YOLOX