A number of techniques have been developed to facilitate powerful data retrieval on the Web and Semantic Web. Three categories of Web query languages can be distinguished, according to the format of the data they can retrieve: XML, RDF and Topic Maps. This article introduces the spectrum of languages falling into these categories and summarises their salient aspects. The languages are introduced using common sample data and query types. Key aspects of the query languages considered are stressed in a conclusion.

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Web and semantic web query languages: a survey

Web-based information systems provide to their users the ability to interleave querying and browsing during their information discovery efforts. The MIX system provides an API called QDOM (Querible Document Object Model) that supports the interleaved querying and browsing of virtual XML views, specified in an XQuery-like language. QDOM is based on the DOM standard. It allows the client applications to navigate into the view using standard DOM navigation commands. Then the application can use any visited node as the root for a query that creates a new view. The query/navigation processing algorithms of MIX perform decontextualization, i.e., they translate a query that has been issued from within the context of other queries and navigations into efficient queries that are understood by the source outside of the context of previous operations. In addition, MIX provides a navigation-driven query evaluation model, where source data are retrieved only as needed by the subsequent navigations. This paper presents how MIX supports QDOM on views of relational databases.

Mixing querying and navigation in MIX

Designing a high-performance database engine for the 'Db4XML' native XML database system

The problem of query optimization in object bases is addressed. A formalized OQL-like query language SBQL is described. SBQL follows the stack-based approach to object query languages. A general method of query optimization based on rewriting is presented. It consists in detecting and factoring out so-called independent subqueries. The approach is based on static analysis of scoping and binding properties for names occurring in a query. The presented method is very powerful and simple to analyze and implement.

Object Query Optimization in the Stack-Based Approach

The authors discuss data models and query languages for XML data. They propose a data model, called XDT, which takes care of the structural features of XML data. XDT represents XML data by means of labeled oriented graphs. With respect to other previously proposed models, XDT handles links definable in both XML and XLL. Queries are made through an SQL-like language which uses weighted path queries, i.e. path queries based on weighted regular languages and gives, as a result, a set of pairs (node/weight) where node is an 'element' of an XML document and weight gives information about the relevance of the node.

Modeling and querying XML-data

In the past few years, query languages featuring generalized path expressions have been proposed. These languages allow the interrogation of both data and structure. They are powerful and essential...

Evaluating queries with generalized path expressions

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Evaluating queries with generalized path expressions